Strategic Marketing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Marketing Case Study - Essay Example On the other hand, IBM realized that customer-centric and service-centric products have a high-profit margin and investments  in products such as software would ensure that company’s profit margin remained high. Hence, divesting from the low-profit margin products was the first step towards investing in service-centric products. Secondly, the company invested in making the company investing in developing services and software with an emphasis on meeting the specific needs of some industries. In this case, the company’s investment in this line ensured that it de-emphasized on creating and producing hardware and focused its attention towards producing services and software tailored to meet the needs of specific industries. Finally, IBM invested in the application of the technology that it manufactured to market its products and reach out to its customers. In this case, the company had realized that it was making technology that it never exploited, whose implications whe n selling products to customers were evident since customer failed to identify IBM's application of technology. Qn. 2 Description of Louis Gerstner’s Strategy Implementation Style First, it is important to point out that Gerstner was in charge for the turn-around witnessed at IBM. In effect, he was responsible for implementing the competitive strategy that enhanced profitability at the company. In line with this, the case study implies that he single-handedly brought momentous changes to the organization by designing the competitive strategy and overseeing its full implementation. Importantly, the case study does not provide evidence that Gerstner used a team to arrive at the competitive strategy and neither does the case study provide evidence regarding the use of a team to implement the strategy. Hence, the implementation style that Gerstner used to implement the competitive style can be summed up as the commander approach style. In this regard, Gerstner focused on formulat ing an approach to enhance the company’s competitive advantage. In addition, he applied a rigorous analysis to develop a logical strategy whose implementation changed the course of IBM. Gerstner’s implementation style was important since he was new in the company, which ensured his insulation from any prior personal biases or political influences. In effect, this might be one of the reasons that contributed to the success of the strategy. Qn. 3 Implications of the Globally Integrated Enterprise Model for Marketing Managers in the Australia and New Zealand Subsidiary of IBM At the beginning, it is important to point out that the model for operation in IBM used to be a country-based model prior to the global integrated approach. In effect, the company designed the global integrated enterprise model for all its marketing managers in all the countries of the company’s operations. In effect, IBM marketing managers in a country like South Africa use a similar model to the one used by marketing managers in IBM’s Australia and New Zealand subsidiary. The integration of this model in the IBM subsidiary may have different implications. First, it reduces the duplication of roles in the approach that guided the company’s delivery of specific internal services, which reduces a subsidiary’s costs of operations. In this case, the subsidiary may have global procurement done in a different part of the world while paying of accounts and expenses on human

Spain and England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spain and England - Essay Example There were frequent struggles over religious beliefs, and that culminated into the thirty years of war from 1618 to 1648. Catholic and protestant leaders manipulated the situations to befit their political interests. This paper seeks to examine the early modern rivalry between Spain and England, from the angle of the ensuing religious schism. It conspicuously shows how the rivalry strengthened each nation and explains the reasons why England emerged the dominant power by 1600, based on the accounts and examples captured in the book The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, 3rd edition by Lynn Hunt et al. The religious war pitted France and Spain, which were predominantly Catholic and desirous of restoring Catholicism throughout Europe and England, which was predominantly protestant, under the Church of England. The rise of Church of England came under the reign of Henry VIII (1509-1547). When Henry VII tried to end is marriage with Catherine of Aragon, so that he would marry Anne Boleyn, the Catholic Church opposed as result of which Henry VIII changed England’s religion, through the enactment of the Act of Supremacy of 1529. Henry VIII’s successors had different impact of the Church of England, most of which were influenced by Spanish catholic philosophy. For instance, Mary Tudor was married to Phillip of Spain, and the latter implored upon her to instill reforms at the Catholic Church in England. As a result of his role, Mary Tudor had over 300 Protestants executed (Hunt et al, 2010, 456). However, Elizabeth I (1558-1693) reestablished Protestantism, and she rejected proposals by Phillip upon the death of Mary. Therefore, as results of the differences between these 2 powers, there were internal strife and disorders in each country. For instance, in England, there was a catholic uprising in the North under the reign of Elizabeth, which she had to deal with, and because of her Protestantism policy, she faced two serious attempts to assassinate her, and there was always the threat of a Spanish invasion. To add, these powers interfered with each other’s activities, including using proxies to f ight their wars. For instance, Elizabeth I funded Dutch rebels engaged against Spain. Phillips II of Spain was determined to destroy political enemies in England, France and Netherlands. The wars took an economic toll on Spain, for by the time Phillip died; Spain could barely afford to wage wars against the Dutch, France and England. Phillip II, despite inheriting a lot of wealth, he used all his revenue to fund the conquest of France, the English protestants and the Ottoman Turks. The conflicts had escalated to a full war, in 1587, when Phillip, in response to the beheading of Mary Stuart-a catholic who was next in line to the throne and who had offered Phillip II of Spain her rights to the Scottish throne- sent his armada to attack England. His armada was heavily defeated, signaling a humiliating defeat to the Spanish Catholics while the Protestants rejoiced (Hunt et al, 2010, 457). Moreover, the two countries were faced with famine, starvation, economic recession and as results o f the constant wars between the 2 countries. For instance, in England, many people ate some bread and soup during the famine, that culminated in the passage of poor law in 1597, whose role was to order communities to support the poor. With regards to inflation, it arose out of the need for more money to support the warfare. As a result, the rulers raised taxes and depreciated the value of their money resulting to high inflation (Hunt

Fundamental Assumptions Of The Human Nature Politics Essay

Fundamental Assumptions Of The Human Nature Politics Essay The fundamental assumptions about human nature have played a major role in determining the philosophy of life for many people. In fact, the manner in which various societies are organized politically, socially as well as economically has a great dependence on basic assumptions on human nature. There are diverse theories on how societies are organized based on assumptions towards human nature. Actually, all these theories are composed of assumptions on the preferences of human beings. There are various complex problems facing the modern world and whose solutions solely reside in the assumptions that are made by policy makers concerning human nature. The assumptions on human nature have elicited diverse reactions and views from different people (Rifkin 2009). As such, people have had varied preferences on the best and acceptable form of governance for their societies. The world leaders apply different forms of governance depending on the assumptions they hold towards human nature. Governance based on human nature assumptions is an ancient principle spanning over 200 years ago. As a matter of fact, assumptions on human behavior can be traced to the enlightenment period (Turner 2006). This is the time when the concept of modern market was born and also the emergence of a state era nation. During the period of enlightenment, various thinkers such as the John Locke, Marquis de Condorcet, Adam Smith and other philosophers had their indignation on the views expressed by the Christian faith of the medieval period that human nature was depraved and fallen. Similarly, the same faith viewed humans as seeking the grace of God for salvation in the world to come. Consequently, these philosophers sought to believe that human nature contained autonomy, rationality, as well as utilitarianism. Moreover, they proposed that human nature obtained salvation in the material acquisition obtained during their lifetime. The enlightenment thought pattern has had immense impacts on peoples perception of human nature and their preferred nation-state. The main focus of the nation state is the protection of property as well as the maintenance of citizen interests in all endeavors. Based on assumptions on the autonomy of human beings, nation states have been created. Thus the need for material acquisition and attainment of salvation to human nature has brought about the perpetuation of economic activities (Rifkin 2009). For instance, most of the modern nations embrace the view of human autonomy and search for individual growth. On the other hand, assumptions that human nature is dependent on the supernatural beings may bring about a form of governance that vests powers and privileges on a chosen intermediary. Such governments include the all-powerful monarchies which represent the divine will in governance. Positive assumptions on human nature can promote effective governance. The modern society regards individual success and advancement with high esteem. Such assumptions make it justifiable for self governance (Turner 2006). The government is therefore justified to maintain the rules and regulations aimed at maintaining the agreed order. In spite of the shortcomings found in any form of governance, remarkable improvements can be done by embracing proper and correct assumptions on human nature. Additionally, immense success in governance can be attained through the embrace of new generation style of leadership. For instance, with the increased internal interrelationships, it is imperative for the government to take into account the biosphere politics which is a collaborative functioning of nations, regions as well as localities all embedded by similar governance and demands. Essay no.3 The federal government has the overall power and authority over all agencies. In fact, the federal government mandates the state offices to perform specific tasks in accordance to the requirements of their formation and governance. On their own, the federal agencies may not perform effectively. They derive all authority and power from the constitutional Acts that led to their formation and governance. Most importantly, there are essential requirements for the operation of the state agencies within such Acts (Ducat 2008). Therefore, the extent to which the federal agencies act and make rules and regulations is dependent upon the legality of the mandate by the federal government. The Supreme Court is mandated by the constitution to oversee all the legal activities of the federal government alongside the different federal agencies. As such, the regulations and rules applied by the agencies need to obtain approval of the Supreme Court. Moreover, there cannot be rules and regulations on h ow Federal agencies are to be rum without a nod from the Supreme Court (Ducat 2008). The entire process is supposed to be carried out through consultation with the federal constitutional requirements. The federal agencies are regarded as being independent regulatory offices. The functioning of the various Federal agencies and offices is facilitated by the congressional financial appropriation towards such agencies. Consequently, the relevance of the rules and regulations made by these agencies has to be determined by the congressional as well as constitutional requirements. The enforcement of the rules and regulations made by the Federal agencies in the Courts as laws has to dependent solely on the requirements of the Constitution (United States Office of Education 2010). For instance, an agency such as the Federal Communications Commission was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 and it enjoys its independence based on the Federal constitutional requirements. Moreover, the agency boasts of immense power and authority to make rules and regulations within its constitutional requirements. The powers and responsibilities of the commissioners mandated to govern these Agencies are clearly enumerated in the Acts. For example in the case of the FCC, there are various titles of the 1934 Act on its formation that enlist different requirements of the agency. In fact, the first Title gives the description of the administration, formation as well as powers of the FCC. The Act also clarifies the process of selection and hiring of the commissioners charged with the responsibility of manning the Commission (United States Office of Education 2010). The applicability and constitutionality of the rules and regulations made by Federal agencies and offices into laws in the courts depends on the Act on their formation. For example, the Acts tend to give a general functioning of the Agencies and their formation. However, there are specific issues that are left for the agencies to accomplish. Therefore, when the agencies narrow down the requirements of their formation, they are required to come up with rules and regulations on their functioning (Ducat 2008). Such rules and regulations need to be recognized by the courts. Nevertheless, the courts may fail to recognize such rules and regulations as laws under some conditions such as violation of certain federal laws or when the agencies act beyond their constitutional requirements. Section B: essay no. 1 The debate on human nature and governance has had diverse discussions and propositions from several philosophers. For instance, philosophers such as John Locke and Friedrich Nietzsche have had diverse ideas and focus towards human nature (Andrew 1999). The two philosophers have delved in various areas of interest depending on the circumstances during their time and the preferences of their studies. Nevertheless, there are pertinent issues that tend to classify their works based on human nature. Moreover, these philosophers were interested in understanding the working of the society with man as the main center of focus. From the perspective presented by John Locke, there are various factors that make human beings equal irrespective of the circumstances that entangle them. According to John Locke, there are various factors that bring about differences in views on religion and other issues in life. However, it is crucial that the differences are addressed in such a way as to promote better and harmonious relations among all men (Rifkin 2009). Furthermore, John Locke admits the existence of diversified views about religion and ways of life with each type claiming originality and superiority of beliefs. However, John Locke defends the importance of embracing tolerance towards the diversified views. Similarly, Locke proposed the importance of shunning the transmission of personal views and beliefs by elected representatives and embracing independence. Thus for him, human equity need to be the guiding principle for the maintenance of a civil society that enables human beings to thrive on individual basis. On the contrary, Friedrich Nietzsches perception of human beings on inequality is based on his immediate circumstances and beliefs. In fact, the views presented by Nietzsche about human beings leaves a lot to be desired. For instance, the claim that illusion tend to satisfy human intellect in most of the time shows how diabolical his views are. Similarly, Nietzsche dismisses the existence of rationality among men as the guide into truth (Andrew 1999). Surprisingly, he makes a proposition that deception forms the basis of human beliefs. The harsh presentation of human nature by Nietzsche does not reveal the true nature of man. For instance, the claims in Nietzsches perspective seem distorted and presenting a negative view on life in general and human beings in particular. On the other hand, Lockes views tend to place major importance on human capability and potential of self-determination. Lockes perspective presents a true account of man and his pursuit of better end.

Food Poisoning :: essays research papers

You know, when you eat an egg, and it doesn't taste right, look right or smell right? Well that means that it could be contaminated with a dangerous substance (Like Chelsea). Food poisoning is the result of ingesting organisms or toxins in your food. Food poisoning can affect one person, or it can occur as an outbreak among several people who all ate the same thing. Even though food poisoning is quite rare in North America, 60 to 80 million people get affected by food poisoning each year, and 6 to 8 million die from it each year. It mainly occurs at picnics, school cafeterias, or at big social events, like parties with food at them. These are all cases where food is contaminated by something, or it isn't prepared correctly. Most of the time, people get contaminated by under-cooked meats or expired dairy products. Bacterias also cause deadly poisoning. Most cases are caused by common bacteria (see Jonathan's speech) like Staphylococcus or E. coli. The main evil ones are Staph Aureus, E. coli enteritis, salmonella, shigella, campy lobacter, cholera, botulism, listeria, bacillus cereus and yersina (gee, funny names!). Kids (like me) and the elderly, (like Mr. Bark), and people with diabetes, heart disorders or kidney disease, have a much higher chance of having deadly symptoms from bacteria in our food. In places like Africa, there are many more diseases that can affect Canadians, because there are many bacterias that our bodies aren't used to. It is also warmer and there are lots of insects that can carry the diseases around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And now for the symptoms of being poisoned (this is my favorite part). Depending on what exactly your stupid brain told you to eat, the symptoms vary.

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) Essay

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS) refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin on software that integrates information from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software application both rigid and flexible. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the client–server architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human resource management systems enabled increasingly higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass. According to www.oracle.com using an electronic or computerized Human Resource System has several benefits. First is, Automate Key Processes,leverage workflow and internet-based processes to speed and optimize recruitment, hiring, budgeting, compensation, termination, performance, skills, collective agreements, and more. Perform rules-based HR budget control. Second, Get a Single Source of Truth, to maintain global HR data in a single instance for better availability and accuracy of  information, with a global single repository of employee data. Third is, Manage Total Compensation, to attract and retain with the right combination of salary and benefits. Set limits and warnings. Control budgets by department, position, or role. Deploy absence and termination policies. Fourth is, Locate and Manage Talent Globally, to manage recruitment, hiring, and deployment on a global basis and address local country requirements at the same time. Manage address information, currency, data formats, banking details, and payment methods for any country. Conduct competency profiling and management. Lastly, Integrate Intelligence with HR Management,to integrate intelligence with HR management to align the workforce with corporate objectives. According to www.nefsis.com using cloud-based video conferencing helps human resources staff leverage state-of-the-art communications and online collaboration tools to advance the HR agenda. Now, online training, employee benefit meetings, and job candidate interviews can be conducted in private and group virtual conference rooms anytime, anywhere. Using Video Conferencing has many benefits, to cut travel expenses for job candidate interviews, to shorten the hiring process, especially for distributed businesses, to improve the reach of employee benefit meetings to those that missed in-person sessions and those traveling, working from home, or at remote offices, and lastly to create a better online platform for employee benefits, safety, and regulatory compliance training. 1.1 BACKGROUND Nowadays, there are a lot of manual systems being renovated to computerized one. Just like the Human Resource (HR) departments, many companies have evolved to a new computerized system, and also there are companies that still working on a manual based system. The function of Human Resource (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of â€Å"human capital† progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. Also the Human Resource (HR) department is in-charge of identifying the potential applicants (Applicant Hiring). Being a Human Resource (HR) department, it is humiliating that they do not have a permanent system or database that can store their employee or applicant’s information day by day. Sometimes, many companies encounter different problems related with the employee or applicant’s information. Using Ms Excel or Manual Filing is not advisable for storing or tracking employee or applicant’s data, using those kind of tracking or storing may cause of loss of file, unreliable data, time consuming, heavy manual workload, heavy human work force, and etc. on payroll, time and attendance, performance appraisal, benefits administration, HR information management system, recruiting/learning management, performance record, employee self-service, scheduling, absence management and analytics. The Human Resource (HR) department encourages the proponents to develop a system that will help or solve the existing problems regarding Human Resource (HR) department and also to decrease the human workforce. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1.2 .1 What is the profile of the respondents in terms of? 1.2.1.1 Educational attainment 1.2.1.2 Position 1.2.1.3 Years of service 1.2.2 What is the existing system in terms of? 1.2.2.1 Processing of documents 1.2.2.2 Transmittal of information 1.2.2.3 Tracking of records 1.2.2.4 Evaluation criteria 1.2.2.5 Generation of reports 1.2.3 How effective the existing system in terms of? 1.2.3.1 Speed 1.2.3.2 Accuracy 1.2.3.3 Manageability 1.2.3.4 Functionality 1.2.3.5 Portability 1.2.4 Is there a significance difference of the perception of the respondents in terms of? 1.2.4.1 Information of system 1.2.4.2 Processing of documents 1.2.4.3 Transmittal of information 1.2.4.4 Tracking of records 1.2.4.5 Evaluation criteria 1.2.4.6 Generation of reports 1.2.5 What are the problems encountered of the existing system in terms of? 1.2.5.1 Processing of documents 1.2.5.2 Transmittal of information 1.2.5.3 Tracking of records 1.2.6 What is the system to be developed? 1.3 SYSTEM OBJECTIVES 1.3.1 General Objectives To enhance the ability of the human resource management to leverage and absorb new and emerging opportunities and challenges in the business horizons. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives To understand that the employees are also individual and have their own set of needs. To understand and define the overall objectives and goals of the organization, its mission as well as vision. To ensure proper availability of latest tools and methods for training the employees as required for their respective competencies. To select best workforce from the labor market by using the recruitment options like internal job portals, job websites, advertisements, employment agencies etc. To assign the right job to the right employee if the proper utilization of the talent is needed. 1.4 SIGINIFIANCE OF THE STUDY This research is considered important to provide insight into the various Human Resource Management practices needed to perform BPO sector in Philippines. This study intends to investigate the role of Human Resource Management associated with firm performance, namely profitability, growth and employee management. Also this research intends to scrutinize whether  business strategy and environmental uncertainty moderate the relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Video Teleconferencing. Lastly, this study destines to further the previous research in HRM practices using the contingency approach. Relevant to the issues above, this study contemplates to generate a new framework for further research pertaining to Human Resource Management practices – Video Teleconferencing relationships. 1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Employees Information Employee Personal Information Service History Dependants and Emergency Contacts Attendance Warnings/Grievances Company Property Employment Equity Pay and Benefits Pay History including bonuses and deductions Group Benefits Vacation and Leave Banking and Loans Training and Development Performance Reviews Education and Courses Skills Profile Awards and Recognition Health and Safety Incidents and Accidents Medical records Disability Applicant Hiring Initial Interview Versant Online Test Video Teleconferencing (final interview) Reports and Document Library Pre-designed Letters and Forms Over 50 Standard Reports Document Management Confidential document storage Mitigate your risk, have all your documentation ready Reminders Automated Reminders and Alerts View View Employee Summary View Pay History View Work History Security Group and User security Password protected Block out certain information areas by user LIMITATION The system will not focus in calculating the whole payroll but it will only do some parts or portions of it. The Video Teleconferencing will only have a capacity of 4 persons per conference. System will only be limited to two users: Admin and HR Managers 1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS Human Resources- s the set of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy. â€Å"Human capital† is sometimes used synonymously with human resources, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and can contribute to an organization). Likewise, other terms sometimes used include â€Å"manpower†, â€Å"talent†, â€Å"labor†, or simply â€Å"people†. Human Resource Management – is the management of an organization’s workforce, or human  resources. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws. Teleconferencing – Job interviews by teleconference involve setting up a conference telephone call amongst the members of the selection committee and the job applicant who can hear but not see each other. This may be appropriate where the applicant and the selection committee are in geographically remote locations, video conferencing facilities are unavailable and the applicant is agreeable to the use of teleconferencing. Video Conferencing – Video conferencing is a combination of audio and video transmissions which allows people to communicate by way of an audio visual link (AVL). Each site or endpoint is equipped with screens, microphones and cameras which allowspeople in two or more locations to see and hear each other as if participating in a face-to-face conversation. Security – Control of access to a computer system’s resources, specially its data and operating system files. Versant – are computerized tests of spoken language available from Pearson PLC. Versant tests were the first fully automated tests of spoken language to use advanced speech processing technology (including speech recognition) to assess the spoken language skills of non-native speakers. Survey – is to gather information by individual samples so as to learn about the whole thing. Multiplexing – is a method by which multiple analogue message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. CHAPTER 2.0 PROJECT FRAMEWORK 2.1 Theoretical Framework Enhancing meaningful learning by integrating technology into instructional design is central to this project. The most influential theory associated with this process is the IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE): HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM proposed by A.S.SyedNavaz, A.S.SyedFiaz, C.Prabhadevi, V.Sangeetha, S.Gopalakrishnan (Jan 2013). It is based on the theory that it merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. 2.2 Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework is built on four theoretical perspectives and prior research in conceptual model of HRMS. It is based on, but different from, existing and international HRMS models. Competitive advantage and performance are commonly noted as the ultimate needs of the organization; this study focuses on the creation of the most requisite resources to realize these targets. 2.3 Project Paradigm This area explains the directions that the proponents should follow to accomplish the goals of the system, this will be a fine guide that will lead us to the aptness of the system. 2.4 Review of Related Literature This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies. It contains a review of books and studies on the subject matter conducted here and abroad and their relation to the present research. The researcher looked for a number of related foreign and local literatures that will help us in developing our proposed project. 2.4.1 Local Studies and Literature Human Resource Management (HRM) has shifted its function within organizations over the last few years. Its function has grown considerably and has shifted into a more strategic role rather than providing support for administrative paperwork. There has been a shift too, in terminology, with the term Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) becoming more common. Since the rapid development of technology, software developers are continuously creating new and sophisticated softwares that can help companies execute  day-by-day HR administrative tasks as well as enabling them to perform fast and effective recruitment process, performance management, compensation & benefit, etc. OPUS Management (April, 2010). Human Resource Information System: Enabling your Human Resources Information System to Support HR strategic roles, volume 13, pages 101-116. This 21st century, companies are committed to provide world-class products and services to meet customer requirements and satisfaction. This can be attached if companies could attract, employ and retain world-class people. Today, HR (Human Resource) departments continue to ensure that highly qualified employees / workers get the right job assignments, trainings, learning opportunities and maintain competency assessments to prepare them for a clear career path. There are even international trainings and seminars offered / given to employees as well as virtual transfer-of-technology from foreign expatriates to ensure efficiency and productivity. With the recent trends of companies vying for accreditation and certification from the ISO body, the HR’s active participate in the education of its employees/workers rests on its move to ensure that the company’s Quality Policy is a commitment of everyone in the organization so that they may strictly implement it through effective communication, review and improvement. Magsino, B.V. (August, 2010). Human Resource Management (HRM): Gaining a Competitive Advantage, pages 19-22. There are many purposes of Human Resource Information System in our environment, first is, HRIS helps us to manage all of the employees information, second, it conducts reporting and analysis of employees information, third, it contains company-related documents such as employee handbook, emergency evacuation procedures, and safety guidelines, fourth, it benefits administration including enrollment status changes, and personal information updating, fifth, it has a complete integration with payroll and other company financial software and accounting systems, lastly, it is also responsible for applicant tracking and resume management. By automating Human Resource practices, HRIS saves time and money, effectively reallocates work processes and thus provides competitive advantage and add strategic value to the organization. Pelones, M. (July 14, 2013). Human Resource Information System.Retrieved August 29, 2013, from http://www.slideshare.net/Pilmathe2001/module2-human-resource-information-system-24215973?from_search=23. HRM refers to the policies, practices and systems that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes and performance. Many Companies refer to HRM as â€Å"involving practices†. The strategy underlying these practices needs to be considered to minimize its influence on company performance. HRM practices include analyzing and designing work, determining human resource needs (HR Planning); attracting potential and qualified employees (Recruiting); choosing employees (Selection); teaching employees/workers how to perform their jobs and preparing them for future (Training & Development), rewarding employees (Compensation); evaluation their performance (Performance Management); and creating a positive work environment (Employee Relations). HRM Practices are strategic. Effective HRM has been found to enhance performance company performance by contributing to employees and customers’ satisfaction, innovation, productivity and development of a favorable reputation in the business community. The potential role of HRM on company performance has only recently recognized. Gayno, H.C. (2010). Processing a Turnaround, â€Å"Human Resource Management†, p.11. The Human Resources of the Philippines Aside from natural resources is one of the basis of economic development. Its people is the most important resource of any country. It is important to understand how people utilize and develop natural resources based on their character, diligence, and creativity. In fact, humans serve as the â€Å"driver† of the world since the direction of it depends on them. Julian (July 23, 2009). Human Resources of the Philippines. Retrieved September 06, 2013 from, http://www.slideshare.net/juilian/human-resources-of-the-philippines 2.4.2 Foreign Studies and Literature The complexities of the European environment differentiate much of Europe from the United States and also from much of East Asia. Moreover, there are apparent cross-national differences with respect to the impact of SHRM approaches on firm performance. Much of the empirical research demonstrating a positive connection between SHRM and firm performance has taken place in the United States (Wright & Boswell, 2002). Studies conducted in a variety of Asian countries also have shown HPWSs exerting a positive effect on firm performance (e.g., Bae& Lawler, 2000; Bae et al., 2003; Bjà ¶rkman& Fan, 2002;  Lee & Miller, 1999; Morishima, 1998). In contrast, research is less supportive of the effective transference of American-style SHRM approaches to European countries (Doeringer, Lorenz, &Terkla, 2003; Harzing&Sorge, 2003; Rodrà ­guez & Ventura, 2003). There are many factors that might explain why these techniques are not so effective in Europe, including political and cultural constraints, stronger unions, the regulatory environment, extensive use of works councils, and general resistance on the part of European management. Whatever the case, the apparently more limited efficacy of SHRM approaches in Europe provides one explanation as to why SHRM approaches seem less likely to be adopted there. Chen, S.J., Lawler, J., Bae, J. (2011). CONVERGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF LOCALLY OWNED AND MNC SUBSIDIARIES IN TAIWAN, page 238. To develop a software application that supports the application specific to the HR automation in an intranet specific to a company there by allowing the integration of all the employees pertaining to that organization. To keep track of all the other departments related to that organization such as marketing, development etc. To allow the HR of an organization to update the employee details when ever there is a change in the employee profile pertaining to that organization. The HR center is a powerful application designed to allow companiesto streamline their human resource tasks and manager their employees more efficiently, Employee and Company Information Employee Time, Attendence, and Leave Request HR Documentation Management (i.e. insurance forms, W-2’s etc.) The HR Center includes a comprehensive employee informationdatabase, work information, beneficiary information, and more for each employee. It comes standard with employee self-service access allowing employees to update their personal information, request time off or input their daily timesheet entries. It also has role –based access level control that is functionally based on whether a user is an employee, a manager, or an HR admistrators.  With HR center managers and HR admistrators can manage a track. Srikanth, T. (2012).Human Resource Management System. Retrieved August 29, 2013, from http://www.slideshare.net/chetanmbhimewal/3263270-humanresourcemanagementsystemshrms?from_search=8 The paper titled â€Å"HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM† is basically concerned withmanaging the Administrator of HUMAN RESOURCE Department in a company. A Human ResourceManagement System (HRMS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the effort of Administrator to keep the daily events such as attendance, projects, works, appointments, etc.This paper deals with the process of identifying the employees, recording their attendance hourly and calculating their effective payable hours or days. This paper should maintain the records of each and every employee and their time spend in to company, which can be used for performance appraisal. Based on that transfer, removal, promotion can be done. A.S.SyedNavaz, A.S.SyedFiaz, C.Prabhadevi, V.Sangeetha, S.Gopalakrishnan (Jan 2013). IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE): HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, volume 8, Issue 4, pages 62-77. For some years interviews for promotional custodial positions have been primarily conducted by video conferencing in order to reduce travel and recruitment time and costs. It is anticipated that more interviews for noncustodial jobs will be conducted by video conferencing as part of an ongoing CSNSW strategy to streamline recruitment activities and to have an outcome more quickly. In the main entry-level Correctional Officer and Probation and Parole Officer interviews, arising from campaign advertising, are conducted face-to-face. Based on the above considerations, the selection committee has the flexibility to utilise teleconferencing, video conferencing and face-to-face  interviews. Human Resources Division will confer with the selection committee convenor about the mode of interview. (November 2012). Human Resource: Job Interviews – Video conferencing and Teleconferencing –Policy and Guidelines, pages 1-4. (Electronic Data Processing) at the primary level, an organization may be interested in automating processing of routine information. It is an exercise of automating routine paperwork at the operational level. (Management Information System) in this phase focus is shifted from EDP level to MIS level with more inquiry and report generation flexibility. This is intended for middle level manager to control the operation, matching budget or projection. (Decision Support System) facilitates decisions at the higher level in the organization. At this stage HRIS is more interactive and capable of developing decision model on many strategic issues. It is important to mention that all these types of HRIS are equally important for an organization. Without EDP, i.e, the basic data storage of employees information and payrolls, MIS can not be developed. Because at MIS stage, middle level managers, duly retrieving information, try to enforce control at the operational level. Similarly, without EDP and MIS, DSS can not develop decision models, examining decision alternatives, as at the corporate level, inputs from EDP and MIS reinforce DSS with enhanced interactivity. Ojha, P.K (April 19, 2013). Human Resource Information System. Retrieved September 05, 2013, from http://www.slideshare.net/PranavKumarOjha/human-resource-information-system-19158875?from_search=10

Speech About Vacation

Preparation outline for Persuasive Speech Specific purpose: To persuade my audience to support the legislation to provide everyone with four weeks paid vacation Central Idea: Adopted paid vacation legislation in the USA will help us to stay healthy, avoid stress and bond with our family. Introduction Attention: I. Do you know that more than 147 countries, including all developed countries, now have a law that guaranties paid vacation to every employee? But the United States is the only industrial country in the world which doesn’t have any legislation about it.What is more, from 1980 to present day we moved from 11th place in the world to 42nd based on vacation longevity, and we spend almost 2 months more at work each year than Western Europeans. II. I am personally also affected by absence of vacation legislation. I have two part time jobs, but unfortunately both my employers do not give me any paid vacation time. My story is not unique, because today in US around 60% of part -time workers don’t receive paid vacation benefits. III. Today, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to encourage you to support the legislation to provide everyone with four weeks paid vacation.Transition: We’ll start by looking at necessity to adopt the paid vacation legislation. Body Need I. Today in the United Stated vacation became a luxury for many Americans, and it is unreasonably short and can only voluntarily be provided by employers as a benefit. A. According to a study commissioned by Expedia. com, 13 days is the average vacation time in the U. S. 1. Average vacation time among the other countries – chart. (Expedia. com and Ray) 2. The Bureau of Labor Statistics a. 1 in 4 workers – no paid vacation b. 40% of American women earning less than $40,000 a year – no paid annual leave . Low-wage and part time workers and employees of small businesses a. Rebecca Ray in her publication No-vacation nation only 35% of part-time workers in the U. S. h ave a paid vacation. B. Paid vacation in the U. S. is only voluntarily provided by organizations.1. Vacation formula is based on years of service. a. Society for Human Resources Management – employees in middle and large-sized companies – work for 25 years to get a 4 week (Ray). C. American work-life is out of balance and we are losing necessary vacation time to stay healthy, avoid stress and bond with our family. . The U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: an average American works one month per year more today than in 1976. 2. Burnout and stress – lack of vacation time, timeday. com: it costs the U. S. economy over $300 billion a year. 3. Men who don’t take regular vacation are 32% more likely to die of a heart attack, and 21% more likely to die early of all causes. Women have 50% more risk of a heart attack. (www. timeday. org) 4. â€Å"Vacations are so important for family bonding†, said William Doherty, professor of Family Social Science at the Un iversity of Minnesota.The strong memories from childhood involve family vacations. And yet fewer families are taking them now (right2vacation. com). Transition: Now that you know the need of paid vacation legislation let’s look what can be done about it. Satisfaction: II. The lack of vacation time is a serious problem in the United States and the only way to solve this is to adopt a law guaranteeing 4 weeks paid vacation to every American. A. The adopted paid vacation law will provide a 4 week vacation to every person regardless of full-time or part-time status, company size, and years worked in the company.And this law would allow us to catch up to other nations. B. All developed countries and more than 70% of all countries in the world already have paid vacation laws, and every European worker gets a minimum of 4 weeks paid vacation, according to the New York Times C. More than two-thirds of Americans strongly support vacation law favoring 3 weeks of vacation and more, base d on the information from the poll results on Rifgt2Vacation. org D. And I know from my audience-analyst questionnaire that most of you also support such plan and would prefer to have 4 weeks of vacation or more.Transition: You can see that vacation time problem can be simply solved by passing such legislation. Now let’s look at effects of a government guaranteed vacation. Visualization: I. Such vacation legislation have worked in many countries, and in the United States it will improve health, family bonding and the life quality overall. A. You will work less and reduce time pressures, and it will give an opportunity to exercise, healthy eating habits and connection with family and friends. And you will likely to stay healthy with having less risk of stress or burnout. B. You would sleep better and your productivity and creativity will increase. C.You will have more time for stay connected with your family, and your future kids will enjoy family vacations and more time outsi de. Conclusion Action: The first paid vacation bill was introduced in the House of Representatives in May of 2009. You can help get it passed by signing the various online petitions. Here are the online sites where you can sign these petitions, and I also will pass you handouts, which provide this information. Here is another way how you can participate in the process: follow this link and print the poster, which you can distribute to your friends or place at work to encourage people to support this legislation. If we will all work together, we can get the paid vacation bill through the Senate and many of us will finally have a paid vacation.Worked cited: â€Å"2009 International Vacation Deprivationâ„ ¢ Survey Results. † . â€Å"Right 2 Vacation. † Take Back Your Time. Web. 15 May 2011. . Ray, Rebecca, John Schmitt . No-Vacation Nation. Washington: Center for Economic and Policy Research, 2007 Take Back Your Time Day. . Tugend, Alina. â€Å"Vacations Are Good for You, Medically Speaking†. New York Times 7 Jun. 2008 U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Web. 15 May 2011. .

Osteogenesis Imperfecta essays

Osteogenesis Imperfecta essays Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a bone disease that is otherwise known as brittle bone disease. It is a genetic disorder that affects some extra skeletal tissues, teeth, and heart valves. Those are the things that this disease affects but not so severely, it mostly causes people to have problems with their bones and muscles. This disease causes a persons bones to be very breakable and their muscles to become very weak, in the area of all the breaks. All of these things happen as a result of one out of two genes that carry the instructions for type one collagen, this collagen is what carries these deformities. These genes are a major part of a persons body, they are a part of the proteins in the bone and the skin. This is why a persons bones and muscles are so affected by this disease. There are several types and levels of this disease. Type I is the mildest form. It is inherited as a dominant trait; with this type your physical activity is limited. Type I mostly affects your legs and arms. Sometimes it appears that for a long while you will have no disability at all. Type II is lethal; it starts to effect a person while they are in the uterus or shortly after birth. This type effects the whole of a persons body. Most of the fractures will occur in the ribcage area, which could cause many different problems in other parts of the body. Type III is only a little more severe than Type I and type IV is only a little more severe than Type II. Type II can increase with in severity with age. Types I, III, and IV can start when a child begins to walk and can lessen in severity with age and then become more severe again if the person becomes pregnant or starts menopause. Some of the degenerative signs of OI: include hyper extensibility of the joints (double jointed-ness), also very thin almost see through skin, the persons teeth can be extremely prone to get cavities and break quite easily, the person could start to loo...

The Allele Frequency Research on the Use of Right Essay Example

The Allele Frequency Research on the Use of Right Essay Example The Allele Frequency Research on the Use of Right Essay The Allele Frequency Research on the Use of Right Essay An allele is a any of several forms of a gene, usually arising wrought mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation. Our experiment was formed to study the allele frequency in a single trait caused by a single gene. We conducted a survey to review the phenotype population of people at Southwest CAT. The research was organized to find the allele and genotype frequency of people who use their right hand versus their left hand. The data showed that the dominant allele was more frequent than the recessive, and the genotype frequencies amongst the three were not equal. After studying the chi-squared tests, we have decided to reject he null hypothesis because there was a significant difference across the three genotypes. Introduction Alleles are stated by most dictionaries as one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. They are what makes you look and act like yourself and how your traits are formed. Your alleles are passed down to you by your parents, which in turn, were passed down from their parents, so on and so on. Common allele traits are blood type, eye color, hair color, hairline and skin color. There are dominant and recessive traits. The dominant trait is the trait that you inherit, while the recessive trait is the trait that is not inherited. For example, if you have blue eyes, and your father has blue eyes, you inherit his dominant blue eye trait. We decided to study handedness for this experiment due to the fact that its usually clear to observe. Our research team had to walk to different classrooms and politely ask if a subject was right or left-handed. Right-handedness is a dominant trait while left-handedness is recessive. These traits were represented with the letter H (capital H being dominant, lowercase h being successive) and were collected at SWAT from all four grade levels. In our hypothesis, we decided that there will be no significant difference in the allele frequency, because, due to natural selection, the dominant allele will naturally be more frequent. Method For this experiment, our hypothesis is that there would be many more right-handed people than left-handed people, and that there will be no significant difference found between the observed and expected allele frequencies of handedness. Our N population consisted of the students who attend Southwest Career and Technical Academy, which is 1,400 people. We walked around the campus and surveyed about 13% of the total population. Our sample population (n) came down to 186 students. We had about an equal number of students from each grade level. There were 46 freshmen and Juniors and then 47 sophomores and seniors. Our grand total was 186 students. For our procedure, two group members traveled to different classes and observed each student in the class if they are right or left-handed. If we couldnt determine handedness, we politely asked and continued collecting data. We used a chart that let us clearly see all of the data surveyed, and recorded the handedness of he subject, as well as the gender and grade level. A couple of us knew upperclassmen, so we sent out those people to go survey, since they would be more comfortable with the procedure. Of course, we asked permission to take a quick survey before recording any data. We thanked every class for their cooperation and then quickly moved onto the next group of people.

How To Write an Attention-Grabbing Essay Introduction

How To Write an Attention-Grabbing Essay Introduction How To Write an Attention-Grabbing Essay Introduction Essays are a form of academic writing with the purpose of making various arguments. They are meant to educate and enlighten. Although essays are academic in nature, they do not have to be boring. Grabbing your reader’s attention can help you get your point across, and keep your professor awake as s/he reads your words. Here are a few tips that might help: Include an Anecdote Anecdotes are brief stories about real events intended to make a point. Adding some small details is an interesting way to garner reader attention. Keep the anecdote short, sweet, and to the point. Use a story properly (but sparingly) in an essay introduction to use it to the fullest effect. Use Substantiated Information The information you cite must be factual and backed by research, and doesn’t necessarily need to be new. Support your argument with facts that are explicit and direct. Elaborate your point with a few sentences to solidify your argument. Have a Dialogue Good dialogue can convey a point in a unique way that engages the reader. It is a technique that represents an argument between two unseen â€Å"characters.† Use a short exchange between opposing views, and keep it brief. You can then explain/describe/restate the conversation and raise other issues for discussion. Summarize A few, final sentences in the essay introduction will allow you to wrap up your ideas simply and clearly before you launch into more substantive portion of the writing. Writing an essay can be a fun way to explore varying opinions on a topic. Making the entire essay interesting to readers can be challenging. For professionally written essays, call at 1-800-573-0840.

GE and the Honeywell. Argument For And Against The Commission Decision Essay

GE and the Honeywell. Argument For And Against The Commission Decision - Essay Example According to Pfanz (2001), the categories of bundling might have included pure and mixed. Indeed, as the paper progresses it would be simpler to deduce the category. The Commission suggested that the bundling technique would have many pleasant effects on the merged GE and Honeywell’s competitors in the markets for aerospace equipment and jet engines. This is because the rivals’ market shares would be eroded by their incapability to compete with the joined entity package deals, which in turn would lower the profitability of their rivals leading to their exit (Schlossberg & American Bar Association. Section of Antitrust Law 2008, p. 17). The Commission thought that the ability of the company to employ bundling would enable the combined corporate to offer complimentary goods at a reduced price compared to when the products are sold separately. The Commission suggested that bundling would lower the revenues for the GE’s and Honey well’s Competitors in the market. The reduction of revenues would be advantageous to the companies since it would reduce their competitors’ ability to invest. Moreover, it would augment the companies’ capabilities of competing effectively. According to the Commission’s view, the prices could rise in future, and this would cause harm to their rivals and customers in the market. From the Commission’s presentation, bundling would have an ultimate effect of shutting out markets for the competitors who deals with single line of products. Such foreclose would help in the decrease of investments by other competitors or even eliminate them. The Commission pre dicted that the combined business would have incentives by bundling its companies’ products. This would make its competitors to be less competitive by depriving then revenues. This implies that the firms that have been deprived their revenues would not cover their fixed cost. He argued that this would be advantageous to the EG and Honeywell, since it would have unpleasant effects on their competitors spending and thus they would not compete effectively in future. In his argument, the Commission proved his points by providing proof that Honeywell uses bundling in strategic way called â€Å"multi-product† bids. Moreover, the Commission got evidence from the companies’ competitors proving that they faced Honeywell bundling, which made it difficult for them to compete. Therefore, the Commission said that if bundling were to continue, their rivals would withdraw particularly the Rockwell Collins Company

FAMILY SYSTEM THERAPY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FAMILY SYSTEM THERAPY - Term Paper Example II. First Set of Questions. Who is the main theorist? ?What are major concepts, strengths, and weaknesses? ?How does this theory best fit with your value system and personal beliefs? ?What population do you hope to work with (e.g., chemically dependent, domestic violence, families, general mental health, severely mentally ill, etc.)? Why do you think the theory is the best choice for this population? (505 words) ? The main theorist on whom we are going to focus is Epstein. His idea was the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. According to Barker (2007), â€Å"The McMaster Model of Family Functioning addresses the current functioning of the family [than worrying about the past or present developmental stage, [including]: 1) problem solving; 2) communication; 3) roles; 4) affective responsiveness; 5) affective involvement; and 6) behavioral control† (pp. 51). There are six major concepts that have been mentioned that clients must work on in therapy in order to reach their thera py goals. The major strengths of this model is that clients will begin to see success almost immediately if they begin to work in therapy with this particular model. The major weaknesses of this model is that it does not integrate the past or the future into therapy. This could be detrimental for a number of reasons, one reason being that the client must able to have a sense of where he must go and where he has been in order to know how to act in the present. This is a major flaw in the model. However, this theory best fits with my own value system and personal beliefs, because it is my strong belief that a client must deal with how he or she is functioning within the family. I hope to work with populations that suffer from mental illness. I definitely believe that the family has a lot to do with how the mentally ill receive their care. According to Rasheed, Marley, & Rasheed (2010), â€Å"†¦data began to indicate that the locus of pathology was in the context of the family, a nd not simply the afflicted individual† (pp. 213). Also, I am concerned about the fact that people only tend to seek therapy when things are falling apart in the family. According to Carr (2006), â€Å"[People often] seek therapy because they feel that they have grown apart and cannot communicate with each other†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 405). Dealing with mental illness can be a tough challenge, especially because of the societal malaise associated with mental illness and the people who suffer from it. According to McBride (2006), There are some â€Å"†¦stigma and misunderstandings associated with mental illness† (pp. 63). Families must realize how to care for their family members, depending on the type of mental illness that is at the core of the issue. According to Barry and Farmer (2002), â€Å"[It is important to identify] the core value of mental health...care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 43). There are several drawbacks and setbacks that can affect the clients if they donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t receive proper treatment. Mental illness can wreak havoc on a family’s finances and drain its energies. According to Abosh and Collins (1996), â€Å"Families experience chronic emotional distress from the episodic disruptions caused by the illness† (pp. 68). Truly, the family must pull together when someone in the family is thought to have or is diagnosed with a mental illness, because all members of the family are needed to be supportive at that time. Family issues

Building and mapping a small area deprivation index for health needs Essay

Building and mapping a small area deprivation index for health needs assessment - Essay Example ... Pg 6 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Pg 6 INTRODUCTION: Deprivation Indices are produce to estimate the socio-economic crises in small areas which in other terms are affecting, health of the population living in rare areas. It gives a collective detail of the situation of economic environment which ultimately reflects the health environment. It is observed generally that low income families, have high ratio of health or other medical illnesses. It is hard to bring each individual on paper but proper estimation can also serve the purpose well. These indices can clear up the issue, whether deprivation is linked with Coronary Heart Diseases, because it is suspected that low income families cannot afford the an appropriate amount of fruits and vegetable which leads them to high blood pressure, diabetes, and other problems. Smoking can also be a factor but it is also because of the poor economic and health conditions. Carstairs index was first build in 1980 to use it in keeping health records and calculate deprivation in small areas in United Kingdom about material disadvantages, which was somehow affecting people’s health. ... One of such index was build and mapped by carstairs (carstairs and Morris 1991) which was later analyzed by Morgan and Baker. Carstairs index was build accordingly, which was previously used to manipulate different geographical area of deprived majorities. There were certain reasons why carstairs index was selected by Morgan and Baker, though a lot of different indices were introduced like Townsend Index and Indices of Multiple Deprivation(IMD) which covers other aspects like crime, education, income etc. Carstairs index covers four major censuses which are: Low Social Class: A head in household, who is economically active in social class IV and V. Unemployment: Males 16 or above are unemployed Overcrowding: Residents in household with one or more persons in one room. Lack of car ownership: Residents in households with no car. All these censuses were measured as per set proportion and Carstairs index is based on census’s result to achieve an objective result for an entire popu lation. Carstairs index was chosen by Oliver Morgan and Allan Baker to analyze the situation of growing deprivation because Carstairs index was previously used in ONS studies for analysis. Carstairs index is preferred for another good reason that it precisely estimated with conceptual and practical demonstration. Whereas only conceptual study can lead to over estimations and can misguide different functional bodies. ADVANTAGES: There are advantages in covering small areas for censuses includes that it gives a more clear picture of deprivation and can classify issues separately. Carstairs index covers small areas which provide specific figures of material deprivation in relation with health assessment. Large Areas would make

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, Essay - 8

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, and a short paragraph Evaluation of the text below - Essay Example sident Obama acknowledged the fact that there is no need to have the Ferguson’s report to establish the truth that racial discrimination still exist in the current generation. Nia-Malika views that part of the speech as a way by which the president is making a call that people need to be cowards but focus on the past and not just the events of Ferguson to justify the existence of racial discrimination. Gwen reflects on the recent statement by the attorney general at the same event and asks if that is a responsibility or a burden to the first black president. In giving her response, Amy says that it is both a burden as well as a responsibility but admits that the speech by the president sought to offer hope and the realization not all is lost in the quest for a generation of impartial racial treatment. She admits that inequality still exist in the America society and it is closely tied to education and income. Gwen proceeds on another part of the speech in which the president directed his statements on close to 100 members of the Congress in the wake of their call to renew the voting rights Act. The president acknowledged the fact that the voting rights Act was one of the greatest achievement of American democracy which was as a result of the efforts by both the Republicans and the Democrats. The act was signed by various former presidents such as Reagan and Bush while they were in the Oval Office. Henderson argues that the statement has a lot of impact among the Republicans whom she considers to be a bit different from those of the past hence they are likely to show a different view of the Act. Amy considers the Act to be partially partisan in relation to geographical distribution of the various races in the Unites States. On the part of Hillary Clinton using her personal emails for official duties, Amy comments that she has to stand out on her own to defend herself without expecting the help of anyone. The interview by Gwen is very useful as it offers a deeper

Strategy Analysis For IBM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Strategy Analysis For IBM - Research Paper Example International business machine or IBM as it is famously known as in the world is one of the fortune 500 companies which remains listed since 1900. IBM is a century old company which completed its hundred years in 2011. The IBM was formed by merging four companies namely Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company, Bundy Manufacturing Company and Computing Scale Corporation. IBM was incorporated in 1911 as Computing-Tabulating- Recording Company (CTR). Formally the work of CTR was to manufacture and sell machines, tabulators and punch cards which are to be used for the industrial and commercial purpose. One of the earliest remarkable achievements of IBM was to grow during the great depression of 1930s. Most of the companies during the great depression closed down but IBM not only managed to sustain but also grew in this period. IBM was also one of the earliest companies who provided many employee benefits like paid vacations, group life insurance and survivor bene fits. In 1932 it had its own laboratory for doing the research and development activities. Some of its initial inventions are the invention of the automatic sequence calculator and the selective sequence electronic calculator. The first large computer IBM 701 was made in 1950s. This computer was made on the basis of vacuum tubes. Another major invention of IBM during this era was the invention of FORTRAN. This is a computer language which is based on the rules of syntax, algebra and grammar. With the introduction of the computer language, IBM also manufactured the first magnetic hard disk storage system which was named as RAMAC. During 1980s and 1990s the IBM faced many revolutionary changes with the introduction of the personal computer. ... IBM is a century old company which completed its hundred years in 2011. The IBM was formed by merging four companies namely Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company, Bundy Manufacturing Company and Computing Scale Corporation. IBM was incorporated in 1911 as Computing-Tabulating- Recording Company (CTR). Formally the work of CTR was to manufacture and sell machines, tabulators and punch cards which are to be used for the industrial and commercial purpose. One of the earliest remarkable achievements of IBM was to grow during the great depression of 1930s. Most of the companies during the great depression closed down but IBM not only managed to sustain but also grew in this period. IBM was also one of the earliest companies who provided many employee benefits like paid vacations, group life insurance and survivor benefits. In 1932 it had its own laboratory for doing the research and development activities. Some of its initial inventions are the invention of the automatic sequence calculator and the selective sequence electronic calculator. The first large computer IBM 701 was made in 1950s. This computer was made on the basis of vacuum tubes. Another major invention of IBM during this era was the invention of FORTRAN. This is a computer language which is based on the rules of syntax, algebra and grammar. With the introduction of the computer language, IBM also manufactured the first magnetic hard disk storage system which was named as RAMAC. During 1980s and 1990s the IBM faced many revolutionary changes with the introduction of the personal computer. During the early 2000 IBM recognized the need of information technology and as a result it developed the e servers. In 2000s IBM also made a number of innovations in the

Assignment 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 9 - Essay Example Firstly, with regards to the RIAA, it comes as this prize that this group fundamentally reject any form of copyright infringement and/work piracy. The most obvious reason and rationale behind this is with regards fact that the that the RIAA represents a massive number of entities that derive their profitability the fact that individuals legally acquire the products and services that they offer. However, instead of directly discussing the level of financial harm that this does to the RIAA and its bottom line, the website promotes an understanding of the fact that the individual who engages in copyright infringement and/work piracy is directly hurting the individual artist at the very lowest levels of their organization. This commons as somewhat of a surprise due to the fact that the major record companies generally cell a new CD for approximately $15-$16. Of this $15-$16, the individual artist is only receiving approximately $1.60 per records sold. As can be seen, this 10% is negligib le in terms of damages effected upon the artist himself/herself. This is of course not say that copyright infringement work high receipt has little to no effect upon the artist; however, it does help to underscore a level of understanding with regards to why the RIAA is so flagrantly and aggressively advocating the loss of profits that such a process entails. Comparatively, groups such as Piratbyran seek to promote a world in which a free flow of information is both possible and realized. Within groups such as Piraybyran, individuals believe that an alternative method of economics can readily exist that would help to connect the potential user directly to the artist thereby maximizing profitability for the one should be most rewarded and gutting the middleman out of the process entirely. Moreover, the rationale and logic of the particular position that such a group supports is with respect to an understanding that that in and of itself represents a situation in which a good is taken ceases to exist within the possession of the original holder. However, with regards to software piracy and copyright infringement, merely a copy is passed on to another individual with the primary good still being within control of the original holder; thereby signifying that no such that has taken place top Although both of these viewpoints represent reasonable approaches to the issue of copyright infringement in the way in which the world will continue to develop, it is the belief of this author that a middle ground necessarily exists. Seizing upon this middle ground, firms such as Apple and a litany of others have begun offering services such as iTunes which allow individual consumers to directly download content to their personal devices without being charged exorbitant fees they might be charged within a traditional brick and mortar store. In such a way, not only is the individual able to have access to electronic content with a mere click of the mouse, the artist is also able to derive a higher degree of profitability from their output as compared to traditional record releases that it defined so much of the past several decades. Finally, it must be understood that the moral high ground that the RIAA is seeking to take is something much less noble than it claims to

Strategy Analysis For IBM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Strategy Analysis For IBM - Research Paper Example International business machine or IBM as it is famously known as in the world is one of the fortune 500 companies which remains listed since 1900. IBM is a century old company which completed its hundred years in 2011. The IBM was formed by merging four companies namely Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company, Bundy Manufacturing Company and Computing Scale Corporation. IBM was incorporated in 1911 as Computing-Tabulating- Recording Company (CTR). Formally the work of CTR was to manufacture and sell machines, tabulators and punch cards which are to be used for the industrial and commercial purpose. One of the earliest remarkable achievements of IBM was to grow during the great depression of 1930s. Most of the companies during the great depression closed down but IBM not only managed to sustain but also grew in this period. IBM was also one of the earliest companies who provided many employee benefits like paid vacations, group life insurance and survivor bene fits. In 1932 it had its own laboratory for doing the research and development activities. Some of its initial inventions are the invention of the automatic sequence calculator and the selective sequence electronic calculator. The first large computer IBM 701 was made in 1950s. This computer was made on the basis of vacuum tubes. Another major invention of IBM during this era was the invention of FORTRAN. This is a computer language which is based on the rules of syntax, algebra and grammar. With the introduction of the computer language, IBM also manufactured the first magnetic hard disk storage system which was named as RAMAC. During 1980s and 1990s the IBM faced many revolutionary changes with the introduction of the personal computer. ... IBM is a century old company which completed its hundred years in 2011. The IBM was formed by merging four companies namely Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company, Bundy Manufacturing Company and Computing Scale Corporation. IBM was incorporated in 1911 as Computing-Tabulating- Recording Company (CTR). Formally the work of CTR was to manufacture and sell machines, tabulators and punch cards which are to be used for the industrial and commercial purpose. One of the earliest remarkable achievements of IBM was to grow during the great depression of 1930s. Most of the companies during the great depression closed down but IBM not only managed to sustain but also grew in this period. IBM was also one of the earliest companies who provided many employee benefits like paid vacations, group life insurance and survivor benefits. In 1932 it had its own laboratory for doing the research and development activities. Some of its initial inventions are the invention of the automatic sequence calculator and the selective sequence electronic calculator. The first large computer IBM 701 was made in 1950s. This computer was made on the basis of vacuum tubes. Another major invention of IBM during this era was the invention of FORTRAN. This is a computer language which is based on the rules of syntax, algebra and grammar. With the introduction of the computer language, IBM also manufactured the first magnetic hard disk storage system which was named as RAMAC. During 1980s and 1990s the IBM faced many revolutionary changes with the introduction of the personal computer. During the early 2000 IBM recognized the need of information technology and as a result it developed the e servers. In 2000s IBM also made a number of innovations in the

Killing and Letting Die Essay Example for Free

Killing and Letting Die Essay Foot’s calculated article entitled, ‘Killing and Letting Die’ is one which provides arguments through hypothetical situation’s, discrediting opinions and beliefs of other modern philosophers. Its main cause is to locate moral differentiation between the active taking of life versus allowing death to occur by means of not producing assistance. Afterwards Foot applies these beliefs onto the sub-topic of abortion, highlighting flawed examples of pro-abortion arguments she then counters these with her own strong outlooks. In this critical report I intend to analyse the relevance and application of Foot’s arguments highlighting both strengths and weaknesses in Foot’s judgements. Foot opens by expressing that in specific circumstances, for instance our negligence to end third world starvation as opposed to the giving of poisoned food to these starving individuals, our moral agency has a role. This is a sound argument, we have sufficient resources to end starvation with little if any detriment to ourselves yet we fail to provide. This failure is just as morally wrong as providing poisoned food. This is not to say Foot believes killing and allowing to die are the same. It is merely her belief in this particular circumstance that they are not morally dissimilar. Proceeding this is a hypothetical proposal of two circumstances: One, in which 6 individuals are reliant on the intake of a certain rare drug. One individual requires the full quota of this specific medification in order to live, thus the other five would not receive the drug and would consequentially die. It is therefore clear to Foot that the five should receive the drug and regrettably allow this individual to die. The other, where five persons require organs and to save their life one patient is killed to obtain these for the five in need. The clear moral distinction between these two is the role played by moral agency. We play our part as an ‘agent’ in the death of a person whereas in the other we cannot be held responsible for the eventual outcome- being his death. It is our active involvement in the case of ‘the killing for spare parts’ which is denounced as morally wrong by Foot, whereas in the case of providing the medicine at a lower quantity to the five patients rather than all the medicine to the one patient; we are not an agent in the death as the resources were insufficient to keep the individual alive. Thus Foot concludes a morally justified stance is adopted. This point is further continued in Foot’s ‘Rescue I’ and ‘Rescue II’ cases she offers. Rescue I involves a rescue team hurrying to save five persons from drowning before the receive news of one person threatened by some other happening, they choose to continue to save the five and regretfully allow him to die. This is then contrasted with the hypothetical situation of Rescue 2. Rescue 2, the rescue team are on their way to save the five from drowning when blocking their road is an individual trapped on their route. To continue and save the five the team would have to drive over the individual resulting in certain death. Foot progresses this point by stating, â€Å"We cannot originate a fatal sequence, although we can allow one to run its course. † It is therefore apparent Foot is establishing her stance as against the idea killing and allowing to die are morally divergent. This stance though can be countered with an example proposed by James Rachels which is recognised by Foot. In the first case, a child is intentionally held underwater in the bath until they drown. And in the second an individual see’s the child slip and fall underwater, whilst the child drowns they do nothing. Foot accepts that both are morally wrong however she provides weak and incoherent reasoning for her contradiction. Resorting to an argument involving ‘levels of badness’, as if an untoward deed can be rated on a scale. It is ludicrous to suggest any act of malicious or evil intent can be inferior to another simply because of the outcome. Also Foot suggests that because the two cases differ in their acts, the result cannot be known to be the same. Foot’s established beliefs are then applied to the sub-topic of abortion, and if there are any situations it is morally justifiable to abort a foetus. Foot introduces an argument voiced by Thomson in favour of abortion. Thomson’s belief is that abortion is always morally justifiable as no human being has the right to use of another’s body, therefore the foetus’ rights are waived and the mother’s rights to remove the foetus as a hindrance take precedence. Foot recites Thomson’s flawed example of an dangerously ill individual being hooked to the body of another person without consent in order to survive being similar to that of a pregnant woman. She continues to say if the unconsenting person detaches himself he is not a murderer as the ill person is proving an inconvenience to them. Foot breaks down this argument by showing there is an intrinsic difference between instigating a fatality and not providing the means to continue life. Foot finds that the language used to describe failing to provide the means to survive does not serve purposes of this argument. Foot indicates the word ‘kill’ is unimportant and it is infact the outcome of death is not instigated by an agent it is otherwise allowed to take place. This is relative to the act of abortion as Foot suggests the foetus is dependant on its mother in the same way children depend on their parent’s for food and shelter. Thus Foot hints that the previous suggestions by Thomson are horrendously faulty, by denouncing her comment that a mother’s rights override a foetus’ rights as it hinders her life. Surely this is saying that if an alive child is proving a encumbrance to it’s parents lives it is morally justifiable that they terminate its life. Foot correctly highlights that the arguments hinges upon the audiences perception of a foetus’ moral status. Be it as a human being or otherwise. Foot proclaims that if the foetus should be considered a human being then Thomson’s argument is as similar to ‘the killing of the man for spare parts’. Concluding that the foetus’ status remains at the core of justifying the opposition or support of abortion as an act.

Racism and the Criminal Justice System

Racism and the Criminal Justice System What are the implications of Racism and Policing for the human rights of individuals in the criminal justice system? Human rights are basic rights such as freedom, fairness, equality and diversity etc. It belongs to everyone regardless of ethnicity, gender, race or religion. Human rights are protected under the Act of Human Rights 1998 to set out values and essential rights. To make sure the human right act is followed in accurate way in relation, the criminal justice system has been designed. This system contains set of practice and government institutions such as courts, police, prison and probation service, which all work together to uphold social values and human rights. However, cases like Stephen Lawrence and Mark Duggan have caused many concerns, especially regarding the police force. This is mainly because much of policing is controversial and conflictual (Newburn, 2012: 607). Therefore, this essay will highlight particularly natural right core concept, human right history, the Stephen Lawrence case, stop and search, police brutality and implication of racism on the criminal justice system. There are many core concepts that hold different views such as: natural, constructed, transformative and pragmatic. The main world view I will be focusing on is natural human rights which was influenced by John Locke who has identified three different rights which are life, liberty and property. Constructed right is the belief that rights are socially construct by society and it is a social norm to follow them. Transformative rights are concerned with cultural and social rights rather than political issues as it believes in releasing people from constraint and irrational structure that limits individuals self- development. Unlike natural right worldview, pragmatic view point discusses that there is no absolute truth and human rights do not need any philosophical theories instead human rights should be put into practice. Human right act came into force in 1998 and Human Rights have been developed since Magna Carta in 1215 as it allowed people the chance to have a trail before imprisonment. Further development took place through Bill of Rights in 1689 and throughout the years developed into Human right act 1998. The human right act allowed members of the public to enforce their rights and made it possible to breach public and it required public institutes to comply with European conventions of Human Rights (ECHR). Despite having legislation rights to equality which is a crucial concept of Human Rights is violated as black and Asian ethnic minority are not treated the same as white ethnic groups. This impacts on the government bodies of criminal justice system as equality is not promoted between police and different ethnic groups causing conflict. There have been many conflict and debates regarding contemporary policing and especially British ethnic minorities have experienced difficulties with the police or many individuals have felt that police are biased. There was an increase in controversies regarding racism after the Scarman Report in 1980 and Macpherson Report in 1999 was published. These reports outlined problems for the police and how different ethnic minority communities were treated as public members felt that their human rights were being obstructed by the police. An inquiry was announced by the home secretary- Jack straw and it was led by Sir William Macpherson. MacPherson report highlighted the figures to show that institutional racism exists and human rights are violated in Police organisation. The Lawrence case mainly highlighted that Institutional racism is about stereotyping; it is about being unwitting; it is about ignorance (Green, 2003). In the case police lacked in co-ordination and understanding once they arrived at the crime scene. A prior assumption was made by the police that it was a fight. Therefore, rather than following correct procedures to save life of Stephen, they decided to question his best friend Duwayne Brooks who was with Stephen at the time of the incident. According to Brooks Their prejudices arent just against black people, but all kinds of people. With the police its not just about race, but about class, too. (Taylor, 2014) This infers that ethnic minority communities such as black communities are over policed an d not compared to white community. As stated in the natural right theory, you have to be a human in order to lose your rights. Due to the over policed environment created by the police, Stephen Lawrence lost one of his main human rights in article 2 which states everyones right to life shall be protected by law (Participation, 1998). The police officers at the scene wrongly thought that the best thing was to leave him and allow the paramedics to take over (Macpherson, 1999:77). As a result, police did not conduct first aid as soon as arriving at the scene was one of the reason why Stephen lost his Human Rights. Right to life is the most crucial rights and, once it is breached you cannot reverse the result or resolve the violation. Article 2 of Human Right 1998 is not the only article that has been violated in the Stephen Lawrence case. According to article 14 of human right act 1998 rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion. (Participation, 1998). The tension and violation of the human right article 14 had impact on the government, court and police influencing the Criminal Justice act of 2003 allowing one person to be prosecuted or trailed for the same offence twice. This was a major breakout for the case as scientific evidence was used to prove Dobson guilty for the murder. The implication of the act effected the police and the court . The legislation was created to make sure criminal trails ran effectively. The act attempts to reopen a case merely because there is a feeling, either amongst the police, or prosecutors (BBC,2006). This eventually scraped the double jeopardy rule and judges were obliged to give 30 years sentence in cases including murder or any dangerous offences hence, justice could be served as seen in case of Stephen Lawrences murder. Macpherson report has some aspect of positivism worldview as racism being one of the factors that took Stephens life which is the most basic and natural right of a human according to two treaties of the government identifies by Locke (1689). The Macpherson report written by Sir William Macpherson is considered to be one of the most reliable sources in the Stephen Lawrence case after the Scarman report on Brixton riots. The Macpherson report presents the fact that racism exists within all organisations and institutions (Macpherson, 1999: 22) hence, it violated Human Rights and impacted on the criminal justice system which led to recommendations being made. It uses mixed methods from qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods include interviews with police officers and SIO and quantitative methods include statistics such as racist incidents rose 6% in 1997/98 to 13,880 (Macpherson, 1999: 361), showing biased opinion blaming the police and the entire organisation for not conducting duties properly and using racism as one of factors affecting their job. The weakness of this source is that it was written in 1999 which means that large amount of changes have been made since then such as 40 police forces are now using the latest version of the Holmes criminal investigations and incident management system (Bicknell, 2014) to store and retain information. However, I would consider Macpherson report as reliable source as it was the first time in history where faults of the police were identified and presented to the public also, the government gave full authorisation. On the other hand, many were in support of the police officers and detectives in the case of Stephan Lawrence such as, Janet foster (2008) who published an online journal article in 2008 on police and society- an international journal of research and policy. The online article described the murder of Stephan Lawrence from the perspective of the detectives who were blamed for making assumptions and not treating the case seriously. The article suggests that the Stephen Lawrence case was treated as the organised politics of race, not the organised politics of murder (Foster,2008: 4). The public portrayed the police negatively after the MacPherson report. For instance, the article suggests that the Lawrence family hired a solicitor and it contributed to the breakdown in communications between the police and the family (Foster, 2008, p5). Therefore, the family felt that police were not listening to their requests. The article suggests that police were not able to communicate properly beca use solicitors and others were involved in the process unnecessarily. Nevertheless, this source written by Janet Foster can be considered as a reliable source as many personal interviews were conducted with detectives and police officers personally and qualitative data was collected through the interviews whereas, in the Macpherson report testimonies were presented that blamed the police officers. However, the weakness of this source is that it can be considered biased for the police service as it does not mention some of the mistakes made by the police such as the police not making arrests in the golden hour period when enough evidence could have been collected however, delay in making the arrests has led to the problems (Macpherson, 1999, p:123). Macpherson report agrees with the idea that not only black and Asian minority are more likely to be searched but also more likely to be arrested then white people. Instead of viewing black or ethnic minority groups as victim they are turned into perpetrators (Macpherson,1999, p:361). In 2011/12 1,235,028 arrests were made and individuals were categorised as 102,424 black; 37,628 mixed race; 72,443 Asian; and 17,444 Chinese or other (Soady, 2013). Figures show that black people are up to 17.5 times more likely than white people to be stopped and searched by the police (Andrews, 2015). This is a breach of the human right as many police forces misuse the powers to complete their duties. Police forces in London and Manchester have received many complaints as the public are not pleased with the police dealing with situations in the black community. According to the section 1 of Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 police officers are able to search a person or a vehicle for theft, weapons and etc, the search has to be conducted on reasonable grounds. However, it has been found that 27%, either no grounds had been recorded or the officer had entered a reason which would not justify a search, such as speeding (BBC, 2013). This had a critical impact on the criminal justice system because, in 2014 the home secretary appointed HMIC to examine if police use stop and search powers effectively including strip searches and if the searches are necessary and lawful. The report found that 15% of stops may have been carried out without reasonable suspicion of criminality (Dodd, 2016). As the result of police forces following correct stop and search procedures were so disappointing, it eventually led HMIC to make ten recommendations. One of the recommendations required police officers to note down individuals race and ethical background as it was found that there are no records of the stop and searches conducted by the police. Therefore, HMIC recommended to introduce a nationally agreed form for the recording of stop and search encounters (HMIC, 2015). If the police use the forms to record information, then HMIC will be able to gain sufficient evidence on if black young men are much more likely to be stopped and searched than white men (Halliday, 2015). Stop and search has had a major effect on the police service and many inspectors are speaking in the media regarding this topic. The Guardian newspaper has published many articles regarding police institution being racist. The newspaper supports left wing and the left wing of politics is known to work with social justice system. The source does not show any biased opinions because, according to newspaper police commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe has stated that after stop and search cases and Stephan Lawrence inquiry his force had to take such accusations on the chin (Halliday, 2015). This infers that police have been portrayed very badly after serious cases occurring in the past. However, it also suggest that there is truth in regards to institutional racism and weve got to accept that( Halliday,2015). Even though many statistics are not presented but, I will consider this source as credible as qualitative methods have been used such as interviews with commissioner and president of NBP A- Janet Hill and their opinions have shown that there is lack of faith between the institute and the public. Stephen Lawrence was not the only case where public lack faith in the police as police have been blamed for institutional racism many times. After the Stephen Lawrence case, Metropolitan police are trying to reform the force and restore public trust in officers. (Halliday, 2015). However, London riots occurred in 2011 . Mark Duggan was a 29 year old black British man shot by the police in Tottenham. The police stated that officers were suspicious of Duggan having possession of a gun after he came out of a taxi however, according to evidence and witnesses Duggan was only holding a phone. Nevertheless, the killing had been lawful (Wollaston, 2016) causing a devastation for the family and the public. The shooting sparked a wave of violence across the UK (Morgan, 2014). The shooting was defined as lawful but, Duggan still lost two of his main human right, article 2 right to life and article 3 which states that No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. (Participation, 1998). When Duggan walked out of the minicab he was threatened by the police to put it down (Casciani, 2014). Even when Duggan had his hands up in the air as witnessed by the minicab driver he was still shot in the chest. In relation to the Human Rights Duggan suffered physically as he was shot with lethal force and mentally as he was threatened in public which is considered as inhumane under the Article 3 of human rights. Due to the violation, public were outraged and caused the worst riots in the history of Britain. To black members of the public the death of Mark Duggan symbolised the most extreme end of a spectrum of targeted, unjust and brutal treatment (Rusbridger, 2011). Therefore, it had large impact on the police as more officers w ere deployed to be on the street to stop any crimes. In conclusion, I support the natural right theory which believes that humans should be given their most basic rights such as right to life, freedom and property. The whole concept of natural rights is that laws are not constructed by the government instead it derives from nature. However, society has evolved and legislations have to be written to be considered as rights. Factors such as race should not affect the rights that every human deserves. In cases like Stephen Lawrence and Mark Duggan who were young black men were discriminated and had their natural rights such as right to life and freedom taken away from them. Reference list Andrews, K. (2015) Stop and search is a disgrace across the UK not just in our cities. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/07/stop-and-search-uk-rural-black-people-police (Accessed: 3 January 2017). BBC (2006) The law of double jeopardy. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5333230.stm (Accessed: 22 January 2017). BBC (2013) Police use of stop-and-search powers criticised by HMIC. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23228019 (Accessed: 14 January 2017). Bicknell, D. (2014) Future of police HOLMES system driven by cabinet office buying influence government computing network. Available at: http://police.governmentcomputing.com/news/future-of-police-holmes-system-driven-by-cabinet-office-buying-influence-4432104 (Accessed: 23 January 2017). Casciani, D. (2014) Mark Duggan did not need to die witness. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-25657206 (Accessed: 21 January 2017). Dodd, V. (2016) UK police forces still abusing stop and search powers. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/feb/11/uk-police-forces-still-abusing-stop-and-search-powers (Accessed: 22 January 2017). Foster, J. (2008) It might have been incompetent, but it wasnt racist: Murder detectives perceptions of the Lawrence Inquiry and its impact on homicide investigation in London, Policing and Society, 18(2), pp. 89-112. doi: 10.1080/10439460802008579. Green, D. (2003) Institutional racism and the police: Fact or fiction? Available at: http://www.civitas.org.uk/pdf/cs06.pdf (Accessed: 5 January 2017). Halliday, J. (2015) Met chief admits institutional racism claims have some justification. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jun/05/met-chief-admits-institutional-racism-claims-have-some-justification (Accessed: 18 January 2017). HM Government (1999) THE STEPHEN LAWRENCE INQUIRY REPORT OF AN INQUIRY BY SIR WILLIAM MACPHERSON OF CLUNY ADVISED BY TOM COOK, THE RIGHT REVEREND DR JOHN SENTAMU, DR RICHARD STONE cm 4262-I. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/277111/4262.pdf (Accessed: 19 January 2017). HMIC (2015) Stop and search powers 2: Are the police using them effectively and fairly? Available at: https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/wp-content/uploads/stop-and-search-powers-2.pdf (Accessed: 22 January 2017). Human rights act1998, c. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/schedule/1 (Accessed: 10 January 2017). Morgan, G. (2014) Mark Duggan: A single death that sparked the riots. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/10559449/Mark-Duggan-a-single-death-that-sparked-the-riots.html (Accessed: 21 January 2017). Newburn, T. ed, 2012. Handbook of Policing. Routledge. Soady, A. (2013) Black people more likely to be arrested. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-n 24942641 (Accessed: 19 January 2017). Taylor, D. (2014) Duwayne Brooks: Met still prejudiced but not only against black people. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/08/duwayne-brooks-met-police-prejudiced-stephen-lawrence (Accessed: 6 January 2017). Rusbridger, A. (2011) Reading the riots. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/46297/1/Reading%20the%20riots(published).pdf (Accessed: 24 January 2017). Wollaston, S. (2016) Lawful killing: Mark Duggan review tries and fails to make sense of a bleak, murky case. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/dec/06/lawful-killing-mark-duggan-review-bleak-murky-case-docudrama-community-police-broadwater-farm-riot (Accessed: 19 January 2017).