Importance of Agriculture Informative Speech Essay

Imagine a world without food. Without restaurants, grocery stores, or convenience stores. Imagine children lying in the middle of the streets because they’ve gone days, even weeks without eating anything. Imagine waking up every morning and going out to scavenge for food, because it isn’t available anywhere commercially. Imagine living without your morning coffee or your after school snack. I’d bet this is very hard for you to imagine. Almost everything that we eat or consume is all thanks to agriculture. First, we will set the table and look at the history of agriculture. Then we will dig in to the importance of agriculture. Finally, we will clean our plates and look towards agriculture’s future. We will start by setting the†¦show more content†¦The introduction of machinery during the industrial revolution brought with it the tractor, the combine, and many other types of farming machinery. These new tools allowed farmers to produce and harvest crops at a rate previously thought impossible. The development of railroads and other types of long distance travel have also aided the agricultural revolution in its massive growth. Now that we have looked back at the history of agriculture, we will now examine the role agriculture plays in our society, and its importance. What do you think of when you picture agriculture? Do you imagine a farmer in denim coveralls holding a pitchfork, or an old guy in a tractor going through fields? This misconception of agriculture has greatly affected its reputation in today’s society. The FFA creed begins with the words â€Å"I believe in the future of farming with a faith born of not words but deeds.† Agriculture is important because our farmers actually get things done. Agriculture is one of the oldest activities known to humankind. Without today’s farmers, we wouldn’t have food. Without agriculture, we would all be forced to scavenge for food, ra ther than buying it from the grocery store. But even more than food, agriculture also provides us with clothing and shelter. Wool is spun for sweaters, trees are chopped down for lumber, plantsShow MoreRelatedThe Significance of Kalo in Traditional and Modern Hawaiian Society1062 Words   |  5 PagesKawena Elkington Speech Outline Title: Kalo and Its Significance General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the significance of kalo in traditional Hawaiian society and modern society of Hawaii. Thesis Statement: Significance of kalo can be found in traditional Hawaiian society as well as the society of Hawaii today. 1. Introduction a. Attention Getter: There is an olelo noeau, or Hawaiian proverb that is as follows: He kuaana ke kalo IRead MoreEssay on Speech Outline on Organic Food1566 Words   |  7 PagesChoosing Organic By: Kayla Ray Informative Speech SC105: T Th 3:30 Mrs. Becker March 4, 2013 General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: I want my audience to understand the importance of purchasing and consuming organic food. Thesis: Choosing to purchase and consume organic food is a smart and healthy choice for you and your family. Formal Outline of Speech Introduction I. â€Å"The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous 10,000.† Food activistRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes, Effects And Remedies1748 Words   |  7 Pagesultimately causing adverse effect on agricultural produce. It would have far-reaching socio-economic impact. In Indian context, the impact of global warming is a matter of grave concern. As is well known, India is mainly an agricultural country and agriculture here is gamble of the monsoon, e.g. largely depending on rainfall. Though it is to affect the whole country, the worst likely impact would be on central and northern India which is high-yielding parts of the country. These are the regions whichRead MoreFidel Castro Is Alive1443 Words   |  6 Pagesbrother, Fidel put Raà ºl in charge of the military, allowing the Castro family to have most of the control over Cuba. In Castro’s beginning years as Cuba’s ruler, he made several radical and significant changes in Cuba, including collectivizing agriculture, nationalizing industry, and seizing and eliminating most American-owned businesses, factories, and farms. Fidel taxed American products so heavily that U.S. exports halved in just two years, making the United States put heavy trade restrictionsRead MoreRole of Teacher on Society3497 Words   |  14 Pagesfair-minded * coping well with change * enjoying a challenge. 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A report team wanting to look at the security of people’s livelihoods (economic, food, environment or health security)Read MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 Pageseffectively moving carbon more rapidly into the atmosphere than is being removed naturally through the sedimentation of carbon, ultimately causing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to increase. Also, by clearing forests to support agriculture, we are transferring carbon from living biomass into the atmosphere (dry wood is about 50 percent carbon). The result is that humans are adding ever-increasing amounts of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Because of this, atmospheric

Medieval Food Preservation Methods

For centuries before the medieval period, and for centuries afterward, human beings in all parts of the world used a variety of methods to preserve foods for later consumption. Europeans in the Middle Ages were no exception. A society that was largely agrarian would be keenly aware of the need to store up provisions against the ominous threats of famine, drought, and warfare. The possibility of disaster wasnt the only motive for preserving food. Dried, smoked, pickled, honeyed, and salted foods had their own particular flavors, and many recipes survive detailing how to prepare foods that have been stored with these methods. Preserved foods were also much easier for the sailor, soldier, merchant, or pilgrim to transport. For fruits and vegetables to be enjoyed out of season, they had to be preserved; and in some regions, a particular foodstuff could only be enjoyed in its preserved form, because it didnt grow (or wasnt raised) nearby. Virtually any kind of food could be preserved. How it was done depended on what type of food it was and whether a particular effect was desired. Here are some of the methods of food preservation used in medieval Europe. Drying Foods to Preserve Them Today we understand that moisture allows for the rapid microbiological growth of bacteria, which is present in all fresh foods and which causes them to decay. But it isnt necessary to understand the chemical process involved in order to observe that food that is wet and left in the open will quickly start to smell and attract bugs. So it should come as no surprise that one of the oldest methods of preserving foods known to man is that of drying it. Drying was used to preserve all sorts of foods. Grains like rye and wheat were dried in the sun or air before being stored in a dry place. Fruits were sun-dried in warmer climes and oven-dried in cooler regions. In Scandinavia, where temperatures were known to plunge below freezing in the winter, cod (known as stockfish) were left out to dry in the cold air, usually after they were gutted and their heads were removed. Meat could also be preserved through drying, usually after cutting it into thin strips and lightly salting it. In warmer regions, it was a simple matter to dry meat under the hot summer sun, but in cooler climates, air drying could be done at most times of the year, either outdoors or in shelters that kept away the elements and flies. Preserving Foods With Salt Salting was the most common way to preserve virtually any type of meat or fish, as it drew out the moisture and killed the bacteria. Vegetables might be preserved with dry salt, as well, though pickling was more common. Salt was also used in conjunction with other methods of preservation, such as drying and smoking. One method of salting meat involved pressing dry salt into pieces of meat, then layering the pieces in a container (like a keg) with dry salt completely surrounding each piece. If meat was preserved this way in cold weather, which slowed down the decomposition while the salt had time to take effect, it could last for years. Vegetables were also preserved by layering them in salt and placing them in a sealable container such as an earthenware crock. Another way to preserve food with salt was to soak it in a salt brine. While not as effective a long-term method of preservation as packing in dry salt, it served very well to keep food edible through a season or two. Salt brines were also part of the pickling process. Whatever method of salt preservation was used, the first thing a cook did when he got ready to prepare the salted food for consumption was soaking it in fresh water to remove as much of the salt as possible. Some cooks were more conscientious than others when it came to this step, which could take several trips to the well for fresh water. And it was next to impossible to remove all the salt, no matter how much soaking was done. Many recipes took this saltiness into account, and some were designed specifically to counteract or complement the salt flavor. Still, most of us would find preserved medieval food much saltier than anything were used to today. Smoking Meat and Fish Smoking was another fairly common way to preserve meat, especially fish and pork. Meat would be cut into relatively thin, lean strips, immersed briefly in a salt solution  and hung over a fire to absorb the smoke flavoring as it dried — slowly. Occasionally meat might be smoked without a salt solution, especially if the type of wood burned had a distinctive flavoring of its own. However, salt was still very helpful because it discouraged flies, inhibited the growth of bacteria, and hastened the removal of moisture. Pickling Foods Immersing fresh vegetables and other foods in a liquid solution of salt brine was a fairly common practice in medieval Europe. In fact, although the term pickle didnt come into use in English until the late Middle Ages, the practice of pickling goes back to ancient times. Not only would this method preserve fresh food for months so that it could be eaten out of season, but it could infuse it with strong, piquant flavors. The simplest pickling was done with water, salt and an herb or two, but a variety of spices and herbs as well as the use of vinegar, verjuice or (after the 12th century) lemon led to a range of pickling flavors. Pickling might require boiling the foods in the salt mixture, but it could also be done by simply leaving the food items in an open pot, tub or vat of salt brine with the desired flavorings for hours and sometimes days. Once the food had been thoroughly infused by the pickling solution, it was placed in a jar, crock, or another airtight container, sometimes with a fresh brine but often in the juice in which it had marinated. Confits Although the term confit has come to refer to virtually any food that has been immersed in a substance for preservation (and, today, can sometimes refer to a type of fruit preserve), in the Middle Ages confits were potted meat. Confits were most usually, but not solely, made from fowl or pork (fatty fowl like goose were particularly suitable). To make a confit, the meat was salted and cooked for a very long time in its own fat, then allowed to cool in its own fat. It was then sealed up -- in its own fat, of course -- and stored in a cool place, where it could last for months. Confits should not be confused with comfits, which were sugar-coated nuts and seeds eaten at the end of a banquet to freshen the breath and aid the digestion. Sweet Preserves Fruits were often dried, but a far more tasty method of preserving them past their season was to seal them up in honey. Occasionally, they might be boiled in a sugar mixture, but sugar was an expensive import, so only the cooks of the wealthiest families were likely to use it. Honey had been used as a preservative for thousands of years, and it wasnt limited to preserving fruit; meats were also stored in honey on occasion. Fermentation Most methods of preserving food involved stopping or slowing down the process of decay. Fermentation accelerated it. The most common product of fermentation was alcohol -- wine was fermented from grapes, mead from honey, beer from grain. Wine and mead could keep for months, but beer had to be drunk fairly quickly. Cider was fermented from apples, and the Anglo-Saxons made a drink called perry from fermented pears. Cheese is also a product of fermentation. Cows milk could be used, but the milk from sheep and goats was a more common source for cheese in the Middle Ages. Freezing and Cooling The weather of the greater part of Europe throughout much of the Middle Ages was rather temperate; in fact, there is often some discussion of the medieval warm period overlapping the end of the Early Middle Ages and the beginning of High Medieval Europe (the exact dates depend on who you consult). So freezing was not an obvious method of preserving foods. However, most areas of Europe did see snowy winters, and freezing was at times a viable option, especially in northern regions. In castles and large homes with cellars, an underground room could be used to keep foods packed in winter ice through the cooler spring months and into the summer. In the long, frigid Scandinavian winters, an underground room wasnt necessary. Supplying an ice-room with ice was a labor-intensive and sometimes travel-intensive business, so it was not particularly common; but it wasnt completely unknown, either. More common was the use of underground rooms to keep foods cool, the all-important last step of most of the above preservation methods.

The Learning Environment That Has Been Created For...

The learning environment that has been created is for children ages 6 to 8. It is a kid-friendly environment where children can interact with their peers as well as concentrate on learning. Everything is spreaded out in the class, therefore, the environment is not cluttered. The open space allows the students to concentrate and learn whether in a group setting or by themselves. The furniture is arranged so that they can transition from any location in the room and not feel they are obligated to one area, but free to learn in all areas. The round table has been placed in the center of the room along with the bean bags. The center area will allow them to move around as well as stimulate the mind with reading or games. The child would†¦show more content†¦These skills allow children to test in their own space or in a group setting. The cognitive domain is most effective with the brain than with any other part of the body. The affective domain can be a challenge. The ar ea used to cover this domain would be the drama play area located by the clothes stand or at the computer station. The drama play would allow the students to dress up and pretend to be someone else or just be dramatic and play with the imaginary friends. The area is set aside so that children can be whoever they and try to turn them into something or someone they are not. It is a must for the children to receive a positive feedback during this time of life. Teachers nor parents should not try to force them into being something or someone they are not. Computer time would allow them to surf the web and get positive feedback about what life has to offer, although must be some type of boundaries or guidelines to follow. We must not allow them too much freedom during this time, because they will take advantage of the opportunity. The Piaget Theory is the theory that I used because it is a good theory and it helps children to develop. It helps children to develop cognitive skills through active interaction with the environment. He believed that children learn from their environment and I believe that too. I believe that children learn from what they see and what is around them. Children pick up on what they see and hear that is

Mary Of The United States - 886 Words

Mary sat at her desk, just like she always did. The desk’s varnish had been worn down to the raw wood, and it was covered in scratches made by her own clawing nails. Mary couldn’t remember when she had been locked in there, in the blanched room. The room was vacant except for the debased desk, a plastic chair, and a very shabby Mary. Mary trembled due to the caffeine racing through her veins. Mary was always afraid. She was afraid of not being good enough. She was afraid of not meeting her parent’s expectations. Being less than Coeus, her brother. But, these were not ungrounded fears as they were based on truth. From the day Mary was born it was pounded into her tiny little brain that she was not as good as Coeus. She remembered her parent looking down on her for not getting grades as high as Coeus. No matter how she tried she was not good enough. Coeus’s existence was the reason she was locked in this room. Mary’s earliest memories were of education in fact, these were her only memories. Her security blanket was a set of q-cards. Her pacifier, a dose of caffeine. Her story book, the McGraw-Hill math text book. When her parents looked down on Coeus with tenderness, and care she was subjected to looks of disgust, and loathing. Mary heard the rap of knuckles on the metal door, it was a warning sign. Mary hunched back over her desk despite her chronic back pain, and resumed her exam. She ignored the clipped British tones from a woman who was her progenitor, â€Å"I have broughtShow MoreRelatedMary Parker Follett : A Social Worker Of United State Of America Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction about Mary Parker Follett: Mary Parker Follett was a social worker of United State of America. She also well knew as the management consultant, organisational theory and behaviour. People believe that Mary Parker Follett as a management guru in early days of management theory. In her written book â€Å"Dynamic Administration† she talks regarding the leading people, developing ideas, and seeing change implemented. It was a proof of the great thinker of organisational management without anyRead MoreInterview With Mary Robinson Is The Former President Of Ireland And The United Nations Human Rights Commissioner1201 Words   |  5 PagesMai Hamad WGST 205 Final paper May 12th 2017 Interview with Mary Robinson Mary Robinson is the former president of Ireland and the United Nations Human Rights Commissioner. In a recent interview with Rachel Martin of npr.org, titled How Human Rights Efforts and The Fight Against Climate Change Are Related, Mary Robinson discusses how the global climate and the way that we treat each other has changed from an environment of global cooperation to a much more hostile and less cooperative environmentRead MoreMary Kay724 Words   |  3 PagesMary Kay Inc.: Building a Brand in India Cameron A. Sanders Northeastern State University MKT 3213 CRN 30369 Dr. Ronald Petty February 19, 2016 Mary Kay Inc.: Building a Brand in India Mary Kay Inc. is a company I have heard of and know some about but I am a guy who does not where makeup like a Frenchman. I knew Mary Kay was popular in the United States among the women population. I know some people who threw some Mary Kay parties. Other than that I did not know muchRead MoreMary Kay Inc. Building A Brand1319 Words   |  6 PagesMary Kay Inc., Building a Brand in India 1. Is Mary Kay an international firm, a multinational firm, or a transnational firm as defined in this course and based on its marketing strategy? Why? Mary Kay Inc. is a transnational firm that specializes in cosmetic products for women. Mary Kay Ash founded Mary Kay in 1963 with the purpose of helping women achieve personal growth and financial success. 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(nursing-theory.org) Mary, however, was determined to dedicate her life to those she felt were most at risk. After witnessing an illness of a friend’s child, she attended St. Luke’s Hospital Training School in New

Roosevelt Sources Question Free Essays

1. People supported Roosevelt in the 1932 election because he was promising to rebuild the American people. He told them that he was waging war against ‘destruction’ which was of the economy and business. We will write a custom essay sample on Roosevelt Sources Question or any similar topic only for you Order Now He also said he was waging war against delay, deceit and despair. All of those were from the last government, the Hoover government. He promised he would give the lower class people a chance with new jobs, new ideas. After the last government of Hoovers people had grown to hate him and so whatever Roosevelt’s ideas, they were going to vote for him. The American people heard what Roosevelt was saying and because it sounded so much better than Hoovers they praised him. The way he put his speech across, he said, â€Å"Give me your help, not to win votes alone, but to win in this crusade to restore America†. This made the American people think that he really didn’t just want votes he made them think that he really was just trying to win the crusade for America. 2. Source B and C present two different judgements on the New deal. B was written by an American historian writing in 1945, and C is from a book, ‘The Roosevelt Myth’ by and American historian published in 1945. Source B, i think was written after Roosevelt dies. We can tell this by the way that the passage is written in the past tense that he was dead. The difference between each of them is very simple. Source B is telling me that there was a lot of self confidence in the New Deal because it says that during 1933 people will have remembered that the change form depression and discouragement to excitement and hope. It also talks about how the physical rebuilding of the country has been happening during the 1920’s and the 1930’s. This problem was tackled by Roosevelt employing three million young men in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). They planted 17 million acres of new forests and built over 6 million dams to avoid erosion. The New Deal also cut unemployment in another way. Roosevelt introduced unemployment assistance; old-age pensions and he banned child labour. In the political field the government was strengthened but i still gave the public people the ability to vote out the government and so by calling Roosevelt a dictator wasn’t true. 3. In this photograph i think that the photographer is trying to show the stereotype of a happy white family and then below the reality of a black persons life. This photo was likely to have been staged by editing and cutting to provide the photographer with the ideal picture. The picture of the white family shows them as happy, wearing hats, with a dog and going about life in the ‘American Way!’ There was a survey done about how many desk jobs black people got against how many white people got, the white got considerably more jobs than the blacks. The picture is extremely ironic because the difference between the blacks, lining up to receive their government relief and the white family driving being very happy in their car are at two totally different ends of the scale. This picture also proves that not everyone was happy with the new deal, people were still having problems. We can see this by looking at the grim looking faces on the black people. 4. These three sources show very very different points of views. Source E shows Roosevelt pouring money into the new deal, but at the bottom of the picture it shows how the money is just leaking out of the system. It shows that he had put in 16 billion dollars into it but still there was seven thousand million still to put into it. The caption shows Roosevelt saying that he hopes that its going to work, he believes it does. Source F is very much for Roosevelt. It shows Roosevelt throwing out all the rubbish that President had promised but had not honoured. In the rubbish is ‘Car in every garage’ this was supposed to allow every household in America to own their own car. Many other promises where made but most weren’t for filled. Source G shows Roosevelt with a bag full of remedies in case the new deal fell through, he is talking to congress and is explaining that if things don’t go smoothly he’ll have to change them. The old man sitting in the corner on the left is Uncle Sam he is sitting there because he i supposed to representing America. The bottles on the table, are the alphabet agencies the are the agencies that Roosevelt that Roosevelt made to help unemployment, and to restore the country. One of the Alphabet agencies the (CCC) took unemployment from 17 million and it helped rebuild the banks to help and avoid erosion. 5. I personally think that source H is the best. It is a letter from a supporter of Roosevelt. He is talking about how Roosevelt has helped him and his wife get back his possessions from the bank and get his loan extended. The man tells how he has never heard of a president quite like him and how amazing he is. The man goes on to say how him and his wife pray for him every night; it is said that he isn’t the only one. There are many millions of others. This is the best example of public opinion i think. Source I is just a song about how Roosevelt has stopped people from working and not getting the correct pay, and how glad they are that he is back. This source isn’t as good as source H. 6. I think these two people disagree about the new deal so much because source J is made by a business speaking in 1980 he says that Roosevelt gave to people rather than teaching them how to gain. He says that people then got used to not having to work so hard and so they just expected to get from Roosevelt. He says that they had soup lines and the depression because people ‘lost confidence in themselves.’ He says that ‘Welfare kills a man’s initiative’. He makes the example of a dog and says that ‘A dog you feed will not hunt.’ The point he is trying to make is that if you allow someone to get hungry and then that person has to work hard to eat then he’ll learn from that, but, if you just give money and government relief to him on a plate then he’ll just take it and run. Source K says the total opposite written by the secretary of Labour in Roosevelt’s New Deal government in the 1930s. She says that ordinary people had been given the chance of a much better life. Roosevelt ‘understood’ about how the depression had hit the heaviest on those people less able to bear the strain. Although the rich had been hit too hard too he knew they didn’t have so many problems, they had something left at least. The sentence he used was, â€Å"The idea was that all forces of the community should be directed to making life better for ordinary people.† Roosevelt tried his hardest to do this. 7. The first paragraph is a very psychological accepts of the New deal. It says that it helped many Americans and it helped the USA as a whole to life out of the depression. The New Deal may have helped but it wasn’t the only thing. Much of the Deal had helped like the alphabet agencies, they helped because it gave people jobs and the chance to work and gain money. They certainly lifted people’s hopes. This interpretation of the New Deal is quite a hopeful one. It makes the New Deal sound like it was faultless and that there were never any problems with it. This is not the case at all but it did help in its own way of getting the USA out of the depression. The second paragraph is wrong in many aspects and is factual. Firstly although the government did become reasonably powerful they didn’t become powerful enough to not be able to not be voted out by the American people, the public. They never got too powerful. Secondly, the view about making people dependant may have been right in some cases but not in all cases by any means. Many people did tend to rely on the government relief offered, but the majority of the country worked their way back up again and earned their living by doing hard work. Lastly, the situation about losing a lot of money is reasonably true as a statement but all of the money helped in its own way. Roosevelt did pour a lot of money into this New Deal but he wanted it to work so much. The money was leaking through the system but not all of it was a waste. I think that the first one is a much better interpretation of the evidence because, it the second one is not right what it says is wrong and doesn’t speak the truth. Yes its true the New Deal drained a lot of money out of American but it helped so many people in so many different ways that it was almost a saviour. How to cite Roosevelt Sources Question, Papers

Divided Government and Political Power in the USA

Question: Describe about the Essay for Divided government and political power in the USA. Answer: As stated by the famous US writer, Beth Revis- Power isnt control at all- power is strength, and giving the strength to the others. Thus, power can be defined as the ability or act for controlling people or things (Revis 2016). According to the famous social and political theorist, Steven Luke, the power is the capacity that influences others. He classifies power to be exercised through three different dimensions, which can be visible through (i) decision making, (ii) ideological, power, and (iii) domination (Gilens 2012). In terms of politics, the power seeks to be entirely on its own sake. Our history incorporates the stories of the world leaders and organizations including the German Nazis, the Russian Communists, and various others that were seen to be relinquishing their respective powers unwillingly on the innocent people. These leaders and organizations had been pretending and believing to be seizing power on the population. It is interesting to note that although, they had be en able to come very close in implementing their methods, and they were unable to recognize their respective motives. This forced domination of the organizations created a negative influence on the people owing to their dictatorship approach of safeguarding a revolution. Thus, we can observe from our history that power is an end and it should not be misinterpreted as a method. Thus, political power can be defined as the authority or power being implemented by any party or government, which enables them to control the people and make effective use of the public resources for governing the population or a country. The divided government as relevant in the United States is described by a situation where a particular party controls the White House and the other party controls the houses (the Senate, and the House of Representatives) of the United States Congress which is a legislature of the federal government for the United States (Australianpolitics.com 2016). The US, being the oldest democracy in the world since 1789 does not incorporate all the features in their political systems that are democratic (Boundless.com 2015). Incorporating a federal system, the country is divided into the States and the central or national government. The Federal Government consist of three branches: (i) the Legislative branch incorporating the Senate and the House of Representatives, (ii) the Executive Branch incorporating the President, Federal Departments and Agencies and Cabinet, (iii) the Judicial branch including the Supreme Court and other federal courts (Fiorina, 2016). Each of the 50 states in the countr y elects a legislature and a Governor consisting of a State senate and a State House. The divided government in the country has become more norm than exception since 2010 (Australianpolitics.com 2016). Washington has been split between two parties since the past 21 years (Boundless.com 2015). With the Republicans finding victory over the White House and Congress, most of the people in the country are of the belief that the parties together would be bearing greater responsibility for getting things done for them in the future. Some of the researchers and philosophers are of the belief that this Divided Government is an undesirable product being formed because of the separation of powers in the political system of the country. The divided government became increasingly common since the late 20th century (Australianpolitics.com 2016). Some of the Liberal groups and conservatives believe the dividend government to be beneficial, as it would enable in encouraging more policing of the ind ividuals in power by the opposition. They also believe that this dividend government would also help in limiting the spending and extension of the laws, which are not desirable by the citizens in the country. At the start of the 21st century, the then President of the United States, George Bush and his democratic congress had seen the election in the country that voted for ten consecutive years of divided control since the year 1988 (Howell 2016). The election results showed a growing trend of divided government that had becoming a norm in the modern American politics. It has been estimated that the electorates have been splicing the election tickets by designing and hence, providing a slice of control for each of the parties from preventing the each other to accumulate monopoly on the political power (Mason and Stephenson 2015). Now, the election results showing a voting for the divided government had raised two important questions that needed correct explanations: Why did not the Republicans win the House? and Why did not the Democrats win the Presidency? These two questions are a matter of concern for the researchers to investigate on (Fiorina 2016). However, we could predict the answe rs to the questions being raised in respective of the election. The democrats cannot win the presidency as either most of the democratic nominees usually turn out to do their respective work. Another reason for their inability is that the democrats are too eager to tax and spend. On the other hand, the reason being the inability of the Republicans to win the house is due to the hesitations in their parts for paying the local benefits game or because the Republicans are manipulative in respective of their share of seats (Ehrenhalt, 2015). The most important weakness of the authorities is that they recognize the state level factors instead of identifying at the national level. According to Karl Marxs theory of state, the state is an instrument of class rule. His state cannot be seen as some sort of natural apparatus above the classes (Tabor 2016). According to Marx, the state does not serve the population in an impartial way. Moreover, it is not accountable to the democratic people nor it is liable for the democratic republic. The state defends and maintains the exploration and domination of the class by holding the lower classes that are threatening the ruling system. We are living in a class society, which also requires a state. Under the circumstances, we would be requiring a state for maintaining the overall reproduction of the system. The main reason behind the requirement of the state is due to the fact that each of the capitalists or the capital is acting on its own interest and does not necessarily mean to maintain the overall sustainability of the system (Mason and Stephenson 2015). The main function of the state would be to maintain the capitalis t class as a whole and should be acting against any particular class who are threatening the system as a whole. As for example, the US President Obamas decisions for the shared sacrifice from all the people for imp song the austerity in the country (Tabor 2016). This shows that the state is not responsible for standing for any national or general government in the society. The capitalist are meant to equate their interest in respective of the national interests and the state is required to maintain the defense of property including all the legal and illegal forms of the court. The dominate property relations arid being maintained by the sate through several means. It also has a specific role in maintaining the ideology and politics. Although, there can be a difference within the confinement of Democrats Republicans, the political leadership and the political classes tend to share the same values (Tabor 2016). The Republican in the US is considered the Right of the center party whereas the Democrats are considered the Left of the centre party. If we are to compare with the political system of the UK, it can be found that the Conservatives are the Right of the center party whereas the Labor is the Left of the center party. In the European politics, the center in the US politics is right to that in the British legislation (Darlington, 2016). This implies that the policies as implicated by the Tea Party applicants would not be supported by any political party in the UK. Likewise, the policies as supported by the US politics could be mainstreamed into the British Labor Party. There is no centre party as evident ion the US that consists of the Republicans and the Democrats. While in the UK, there is an evidence of the Liberal Democrat party acting between the labor and Conservative parties. It can be evident that there are two parties in the Congress and both of them are federal parties (Wiarda and Kline 2013). While in the UK, there is are nationalist political patties that seek votes throughout the country. In the US, the Republican and the democratic parties dominate the state and federal elections where the independents get small proportions of the votes. In the UK, two main political parties including the Labor and Conservative win a declining and smaller share of the total vote. In the US politics, there are two main political parties with individual candidates adopting various positions on the various issues. The UK politics is comprised of the political parties that are reining on the policies being promoted by the candidates and voted by the representatives being elected (Darlington, 2016). The political parties in the US have a congress in every four years fro choosing the candidates for the election process. While, in the UK, the political parties hold annual conferences for debating on the policy positions as to be adopted by the party. It should be noted that the conferences as held by the political parties in the UK do not chose the leader of the parties, which is done through a separate process (Gilens and Page 2014) . As far as the elections are concerned, the US implements the teams for the President for four years, a Senator for six years, and a Congressman, which is for two years. Moreover, the date so fight elections in the county is fixed. As far as the UK is concerned, the terms for House of Commons or the Government are for five years at a maximum limit (Darlington, 2016). However, the time limit of the members could be revised if the Prime Minister feels the need. The candidates for the Presidency, House of Representatives, and the Senate in the US political system are chosen by a system of registered Republican and democratic voters. The UK political system incorporates the process of the selection of candidates, which is confirmed to the actual members of the political parties in the constituency (Flanigan et al 2014). The US Constitution implements the election to be held in order to fill the vacant Senate seats. However, the state legislatures empower the governor of the state for fill ing up the seat by the appointment between the times in order to certify the winner of the special election. Most of the states allow the governors to replace the candidates for the next general elections in the country. Several steps are required to hold a special election for certifying the winner as the Senator member. In the UK, the House of the Commons is required to fill up the by-election in the constituency that is held within three mounts (Mann 2012). It should be noted that there is no replacement of the members of the House of Lords when a peer resigns. The 2010 election in the US had seen the victory of the Republican (Fiorina 2016). This victory had made the country wondering whether the divided government would be creating more incentive for the Republican and the Democrats would be deepening the partisan divisions. The divided government in the country has become more norm than exception since 2010. Washington has been split between two parties since the past 21 years (Fiorina 2016). With the Republicans finding victory over the White House and Congress, most of the people in the country are of the belief that the parties together would be nearing greater responsibility for getting things done for them in the future. Under the divided government, the parties have become more responsible for governing the country as they would be getting an equal stake in getting the things right (Dionne 2013). The primary advantage of the implication of the divided government in the country is that the policies are pushed to the centre in order to find the pragmatic solutions to the problems related to them if any. This pushing of the policies to the centre is a significant feature, as the legislation requires the support form bit the parties in order to be passed for the implementation of the same (Dye and Gaddie 2013). The divided government is also responsible for forcing the administration to govern the center. These were some of the reasons for the effective production of the sustainable bi-partnership and the US has been far more on the advantageous side by implementing the divided government since the past 21 years. Some of the concerns relating to her divided government in the US is that the passing of the legislation requires longer time than it could have been possible under a one-party rule in the country. Moreover, the divided government in the country is responsible for empowering the congress and the parties for launching the investigations of the administrations that is creating legislative gridlock and is deepening the partisan rancor. In addition, the bi-parties government prescribes and incorporates the small-bore initiatives and halfway measures that make it difficult for the government to solve the bigger problems on a national level. This debate about the shortfalls related to the divided government in the country has led to the gradual decrement in its prominence on a political scene since the past few years. The year 2012 has shown the divided government to be reaching a remarkable low point as evident from the 2012 election in the country. Moreover, it should be noted that the y ear saw only 12 states including New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and others to be supporting the divided government approach (Australianpolitics.com 2016). The implications of the divided control arise from the unhappiness in the perspective of the voters with the government management system. Owing to this dissatisfaction of the management system, the voters are compelled to elect the divided government instead of electing minority party governors. As evident from the discussions, it can be evident that the divided rule has a number of advantages than a one-party ruling government. Under the divided government, the parties are more responsible for governing the country as they get an equal stake in getting the things right. Moreover, the implication of the divided government in the country is that the policies are pushed to the centre in order to find the pragmatic solutions to the problems related to them. This pushing of the policies to the centre is a significant feature of the divided rule, as the legislation requires the support form bit the parties in order to be passed for the implementation. The divided government is also respo nsible for forcing the administration to cover the center. These were some of the reasons for the effective production of the sustainable bi-partnership and the US has been far more on the advantageous side by implementing the divided government since the past 21 years. References Australianpolitics.com, (2016).Overview of the U.S. Political System | AustralianPolitics.com. [online] Australianpolitics.com. Available at: https://australianpolitics.com/united-states-of-america/system-overview [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Boundless.com, (2015). The U.S. Political System.Boundless. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/government-15/the-u-s-political-system-116/the-u-s-political-system-644-331/ [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. DARLINGTON, R. (2016).Contrasts between American and British political systems. [online] Rogerdarlington.me.uk. Available at: https://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/USvsUK.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. DeNardo, J., 2014.Power in numbers: The political strategy of protest and rebellion. Princeton University Press. Dionne Jr, E.J., 2013.Our divided political heart: The battle for the American idea in an age of discontent. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Dye, T.R. and Gaddie, R.K., 2013.Politics in America. Pearson Higher Ed. Ehrenhalt, A. (2015).What Does Divided Government Mean for the Future of Politics?. [online] Governing.com. Available at: https://www.governing.com/columns/assessments/gov-divided-we-stand.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Fiorina, M. (2016). Divided Government: The Story In The States. [online] Available at: https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/31/31021.pdf. Flanigan, W.H., Zingale, N.H., Theiss-Morse, E.A. and Wagner, M.W., 2014.Political behavior of the American electorate. Cq Press. Gilens, M. and Page, B.I., 2014. Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups, and average citizens.Perspectives on politics,12(03), pp.564-581. Gilens, M., 2012.Affluence and influence: Economic inequality and political power in America. Princeton University Press. Howell, E. (2016).The American Presidency. [online] Available at: https://users.polisci.wisc.edu/coleman/Divgovtcolemanparker.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Kernell, S., Jacobson, G.C., Kousser, T. and Vavreck, L., 2015.The logic of American politics. Cq Press. Mann, M., 2012.The sources of social power: Volume 3, global empires and revolution, 1890-1945(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Mason, A.T. and Stephenson, G., 2015.American constitutional law: introductory essays and selected cases. Routledge. Packenham, R.A., 2015.Liberal America and the third world: Political development ideas in foreign aid and social science. Princeton University Press. Revis, B. (2016).Quotes About Power (2638 quotes). [online] Goodreads.com. Available at: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/power [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Schmidt, S., Shelley, M., Bardes, B. and Ford, L., 2013.American Government and Politics Today, No Separate Policy Chapters Version, 2013-2014. Nelson Education. Tabor, R. (2016).The Marxist Theory fo the State. [online] Spunk.org. Available at: https://www.spunk.org/texts/pubs/lr/sp001715/marxron.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Wiarda, H.J. and Kline, H.F. eds., 2013.Latin American politics and development. Westview Press.

Central Bank Policy Decisions

Question: Discuss about the Central Bank Policy Decisions. Answer: Effect of Central Bank Policy Decisions on Profitability of Banks The banking sector needs to adjust to the changing market in the bank industry and environment just like any other economic sector. The central bank has the powers and obligation of controlling and regulating the activities of the banks and other financial institutions by making policy decisions which the banks should adhere to. There are different emerging issues in the bank industry which needs to be examined in the control of the industry by making policy decisions that affects banks. Some of the issues needs to be addressed include policy decisions on the rate of interest rates, inflation, the monetary policy, regulatory environment which greatly affect the profitability of these banks in the industry. The major part of the revenues of the banks and the central banks come from different bank operations which are affected by the changes in interest rate (Atieno,2006). The central banks make decisions concerning the policy guiding the banks in their industry. Central bank decisions on monetary policy affect the profitability of the banks by improving the investments. The monetary decision by central bank can be accommodative or unbiased. The central banks make decisions on the increase of short term interest rate when inflation is increasing and lowering of the short term interest rate when the economy is lagging. The decisions made follows the following monetary policy tools which includes, federal reserve which entails open market operations the purchase and sale of financial instrument, the use of discount charged on the institutions depositing amounts in the central bank and lastly amount the banks can maintain as reserve with the central bank. These monetary policy tools help in the control of amount of money in supply in the economy.The control of supply of money helps reduce inflation, control interest rate and hence leads to increased profi tability of the banks with effective bank services and reduction of inflation which involves price changes and interest rate which the banks depends on for profitability (De Aghion,2003.) Central banks in collaboration with the Bankers Association in different countries have rolled out policies and regulations that have helped in the operation of the financial institutions. One of the policy decisions they have made include allowing the banks to share information on credit lending. Based on the central bank policy decision on sharing of information, banks are able to share credit information on their customers. This has facilitated better assessment of the risks associated with borrowers of credit. The sharing of credit information allows credit institutions like banks to extend credit to customers through the internet without using physical collateral. It is from the Central Banks policy decision of sharing of credit information that has translated to lower cost of credit and helped increase uptake of loans by financial institutions clients. The uptake of credit by the customers has led to the increase in profits brought about by increase in interest rate charged on the loans given ( Bell,2011). The central bank has the obligation of setting the monetary policy goals. It makes policy decisions that help to improved growth and to promote price stability. Decisions made by the central bank like Mexico in the past have helped restructure their monetary policy objectives like maintaining price to be stable as the main goal of the central bank. Any central bank makes monetary policy decisions on setting of objectives that the price determination process can be attained by curbing inflation levels leading to low inflation targets leading to improved performance leading to profitability. The central bank has also come up with decision which permits banks to use third parties (Agent Banking) to provide financial services on their behalf. Subsequently, central bank has reviewed and made policy guidelines on Agent Banking. The policy allows credit institutions to search for central bank support for the approval of specific agents to conduct the work and define the type of work they will provide. It is the duty of the financial institutions to examine the suitability of the agents in line with the policy decision. This policy decision has helped to straighten the lending of credit to customers and improved bank services which are made efficient leading to profitability of the banks in the industry. Based on the policy and regulatory framework of the central bank, the legal environment is firm to banks and financial institutions. According to the World Bank, most of the central banks in different countries are lagging in the development of policies and legislations. Consequently, the central bank has made policy decisions for banks to conduct their operations fairly without any unfair competition in preventing customers from accessing the banks services. Medium and long term interest rates depend on other factors like the expectation of the short term interest rates .The central bank has made different policy decisions to induce changes in the short term interest rates which affects the entire interest rate which increases the cost of credit ,leading to low lending of credit leading to reduced investment and low profitability. The central bank has also made a policy decision which allows financial institution clients to be treated like those of other financial institutions like Saccos and microfinances in the case of security of the loan and means of recovery of the loan borrowed. The central bank decision through the Act of parliament set the rules on the lending of credit hence leading to control of the activities of the bank. The effective credit management leads to credibility of the bank eventually leading to improved performance leading to profitability of banks. After the recession of 2008, many financial institutions like banks have been affected, as the credibility of the banking system has been compromised. Towards the end of 2015, worlds economy started to recover more strongly and this positive momentum was sustained into the year 2014 where world currencies deteriorated due to high rate of inflation. The different central banks came in rescue with policy decisions that were attributable to increased credit to the private sector and low inflationary pressure. The pro-active central bank policies decisions have also led to developments in the economy. More investors have come into the country to invest and hence improving the economy of the country.The financial sector recorded its highest growth for the last decade growing at 3 per cent in 2013 compared to 5.4 percent in 2017. The growth is due to increase borrowing riding on financial innovation that has enhanced access to financial services and uptake of loans.Most financial instituti ons like banks are setting short loan settlement periods, high interest rates and short grace periods not only to meet the working costs and protect themselves from (collateral) concerned in lending to customers. The central bank has made decisions that have helped in regulating the amount of money in circulation by ensuring each bank keeps a saving account with the central bank. This will ensure that the operations of the banks in lending capital are controlled (Elbanna,2007). The management of financial institutions should demonstrate their understanding and commitment in making compliance to rules and regulation as one of their strategic objectives and to opt for best practices in MIS (management information system) to improve their profitability. The banks should adhere to the policy decisions made by the central bank. References Atieno, R. (2006).Institutional credit lending policies and the efficiency of resource use among small scale farmers in Kenya. Boulder: Westview Press. Aryeetey, E. Urdry, C. (2007).The characteristics of informal financial markets in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of African Economies.Vol. 6, No 3 pp.12-34. Bell, C. (2011). Interactions between institutional and informal credit agencies in rural India. World Bank Economic Review, Vol.4, No 3 pp. 234-45.. De Aghion, A. and Morduch, J. (2003) Microfinance: Where Do We Stand? inFinancial Development and Economic Growth: Explaining the Links, ed. by C. Goodhart, Bsingstoke: Macmillan/Palgrave). Denscombe, M. (2009).The Good Research guide: For Small-Scale Research Projects.Philadelphia: U.S.A, Open University Press. Elbanna, S. (2007). Influences on strategic decision effectiveness: Development andtest of an integrative model. Strategic Management Journal Vol. 28(4): 431.